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Instructions
To manually blow a shape, you need to attach a prepared shape to the end of the tube. In which it is necessary to blow glass. You need to do this quickly enough, otherwise the glass will harden, and nothing will work. Therefore, many people, in the so-called manual blowing, use units that constantly maintain the glass in a liquid state, that is, heat it. In general, this method of blowing is used when it is necessary to obtain a thin material, not thick one. Because only a person can properly adjust the force of exhalation so that the product is thin and perfectly transparent.
To make a figurine from different parts connected to each other, you need to blow all of them in turn. And then, when the glass has already slightly hardened, solder them together with a heated torch.
If you want to apply a pattern to the glass you blow, then you need to take care of additional tools. These can be scissors (regular and diamond-shaped), tweezers, forceps and much more. With the help of scissors, you can apply edges to the glass, cut out a certain pattern. Using tweezers, you can twist the product so that it becomes original and unusual. The main thing is to have time to do all this while the glass is still straightened and amenable to alterations. Now all that remains is to paint it, and the original souvenirs are ready.
The art of blowing glass is a complex, painstaking process. A similar technique dates back to the first century BC, it appeared in Sidon (now coastal Lebanon). From there, art spread to the Roman Empire and then to other parts of the world. The art of blowing glass is practiced today, it involves mastering a lot of complex techniques. The most important thing in the work of glass blowers is to carry out work with a high level of precision and accuracy.
The process begins when a 4-5 pound tube is baked, where the glass is melted at 2200 degrees Fahrenheit (lava temperature).
This process is called collection. After collecting, the glass blowers dip the blowpipe into the red-hot glass until a decent sized drop is concentrated at the end. This is a very tricky moment, since the glass has the consistency of honey and drips easily from the end of the pipe.
In the next step, the glass blower starts to blow air into the pipe, forming a small air bubble inside the molten glass. This is a very delicate process: if the artist blows too intensely, then his work will fail.
One of the most challenging aspects of blowing is keeping the temperature at the desired level. By maintaining the temperature, the artist can shape the glass as he intended. Thanks to the traditions that have been passed down from generation to generation by glassblowers, this art never ceases to attract and conquer our attention.
I have visited various workshops and various factories, saw how jam and metal are made, saw how they fish on an industrial scale, and how hemp is tested, and yesterday I visited an amazing place - an art glass workshop. Egor - the master glassblower arranged for the bloggers of Petrograd communities spbblog an excursion to his workshop, where he creates wonderful and beautiful things from scratch that anyone can do under his guidance.
1. Sheer sell!
Our acquaintance with Egor began with a short introduction from the master. He told us that he was self-taught, he studied on video from the Internet, there is no domestic literature on glass as such, so he had to study Western literature. For example, communication with Russian masters from the Stieglitz Academy did not work out either. Those old farmers believe that if they take him to work or study, he will deduce all the secrets of the craft from them and run away to create his own company, thereby creating competition for them. As a result, Yegor did not fold his hands and left for the West, as many could have done, but having received several practical lessons from an art university teacher, then he began to create with his own hands, creating 3 ovens and preparing all the necessary base.
2. The base is glass, of course. Egor buys American, because There are a lot of flowers, it is of high quality, but in Russia everything is bad with this raw material, it is not enough to get it. Glass is purchased either in the form of similar sheets-plates, or in the form of cubes, which, in principle, does not matter, because everything is melted in the oven.
3. Furnaces are perhaps the most important part of the process. There should be at least three of them: a glass-melting furnace, in which a temperature of ~ 1100 degrees Celsius is maintained, a furnace for heating blanks, as well as a furnace for cooling finished products.
4. All 3 ovens are electric, adjustable with this simple panel. By the way, the workshop is located in the building of the Union of Artists, which is cool. In addition to this glass workshop, there are also others.
5. The "cuckoo" stove got its name from the sliding doors, resembling a birdhouse))
6. The temperature there is decent, the oven is used to heat the product during operation. You can't get inside, it's hot, but Yegor said that he and his friends put an action camera there, wrapping it in cooling rags, and took some cool photos. Fire!
7. Actually, a long blowing tube, with the help of which all the miracle happens.
8. Liquid glass is taken by a tube from a glass-melting furnace and the process of creating a blank for the product begins. In our case, it's a vase!
9. Very little glass is taken, because in large quantities it is simply not necessary.
10. Then on the metal surface you need to bring the blank to the desired shape.
11. Glass is hot, but meaningfully you can do anything with it, including inflating!
12. Once again, we dip the workpiece into the oven and grab an additional amount of liquid glass, it is needed in order to move further to the next oven, in which all the action will take place.
13. Yegor goes to the "Cuckoo", in which the glass is blown and maintained in the desired shape.
14. So far, this is just a blank for a vase, that is, transparent glass, on which a layer of colored glass will be applied in the future.
15. Blowing continues until it becomes clear that the blank is ready.
16. Then, when the blank is completely ready, you get any colored glass of your own taste, in our case it is a 4-color blank from which the vase will be created. As you can see, our blank has literally stuck to the multi-colored workpiece and is already being sent to the oven.
17. In order for the ingot and the workpiece to take the desired shape, they must be combined, as it were, by bending the molten glass around the ingot.
18. Bent, now you need to use dental tweezers or any other suitable tool to connect the edges of the workpiece to each other.
19. This is done several times by sending the product to the oven, then folding and joining the edges again, until it becomes clear that the blank and the colored blank are one whole!
20. Using antique scissors, Yegor creates the bottom of a vase, as if squeezing glass.
21. And then what? Further, for a long time and persistently, you need to blow, melt, until you understand that the wall thickness is already necessary. By the way, as you can see, the stove is on gas. One such balloon is enough for 1.5 days on average. Due to the fact that the room is small, there is no way to store gas here, so every couple of days you have to refuel at the nearest gas station.
22. Molding is when a wet newspaper gives the desired shape to an article. The solidified glass spins around the newspaper, cools down, while acquiring the required shape.
23. With some other dental instrument, Yegor applies a pattern to a vase, which we will see shortly)
24. Once again, we need to dip our product into a glass-melting furnace to apply a layer of glass, to give it a glossy finish, and also for strength.
25. And again molding. In general, the process is clear and simple - blow, twist, shape, cool. But at the same time, all this is very difficult, and requires care and experience, which you get by making mistakes and achieving results. As in everything, however. Creative and interesting work, it's not for nothing that Yegor stopped being an office plankton and began to work with his hands, that's cool.
26. Here, the product with an additional layer of glass, which we have recently applied, is sent back to the oven.
27. It seems that the master realized that it was time to stretch the product. This is done in a rather tricky way - the tube, with a product at the end, quickly rotates around its axis, making several turns, thereby stretching to the required size.
28. Then, to make the neck of the vase, you need to attach such a thing to the bottom (on the left) so that there is something to hold the product for.
29. In the meantime, on the other hand, the future throat of the vase is created with the tongs, as if simply expanding it while the glass is liquid.
30. Going into the oven a few more times, then expanding again, and voila, the elegant neck of the vase is ready!
31. The master and his product. In fact, red is yellow, and pale blue is a color closer to blue. When the product cools down, it will take on the proper colors.
32. It's time to cut that piece from the bottom of the product, we no longer need it.
33. After all, the product is sent to the oven in which the temperature of +517 degrees is maintained for a long time, and then lower, lower, lower, it is necessary for the glass to gradually cool, otherwise it will simply crack and the product will cease to exist. The vase created with us will reach room temperature in 8-9 hours, but we will not see this anymore)
34. Here, similar to our vase, are already on the stove lid. Diverse, beautiful, one might say - each is unique in its own way. Pay attention to the round gizmos on the bottoms of the vases - these are the remnants of those pieces that were cut off in photo # 32, in order to remove them, Yegor later goes to another workshop, where everything is removed and cleaned by grinding. The vase is ready!
35. Broken pots that were in electric ovens, which fell into disrepair due to the fact that the electricity in the building was cut off and everything was broken.
36. On the shelves are various figurines and products that were created here.
37. Cars, for example \u003d)
A very cool workshop and Egor is an excellent craftsman who loves his job, enlightens others and is always happy to help. Contact him, every week he leads excursions to his workshop on Okhta, and together with you he will create something interesting to remember that you will take home.
Taken from nau_spb c How glass is blown
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I have visited various workshops and various factories, saw how jam and metal are made, saw how they fish on an industrial scale, and how hemp is tested, and yesterday I visited an amazing place - an art glass workshop. Egor, a master glassblower, arranged an excursion to his workshop for bloggers of the Petrograd community, where he creates wonderful and beautiful things from scratch that anyone can do under his guidance.
1. Sheer sell!
Our acquaintance with Egor began with a short introduction from the master. He told us that he was self-taught, he studied on video from the Internet, there is no domestic literature on glass as such, so he had to study Western literature. For example, communication with Russian masters from the Stieglitz Academy did not work out either. Those old farmers believe that if they take him to work or study, he will deduce all the secrets of the craft from them and run away to create his own company, thereby creating competition for them. As a result, Yegor did not fold his hands and left for the West, as many could have done, but having received several practical lessons from an art university teacher, then he began to create with his own hands, creating 3 ovens and preparing all the necessary base.
2. The base is glass, of course. Egor buys American, because There are a lot of flowers, it is of high quality, but in Russia everything is bad with this raw material, it is not enough to get it. Glass is purchased either in the form of similar sheets-plates, or in the form of cubes, which, in principle, does not matter, because everything is melted in the oven.
3. Furnaces are perhaps the most important part of the process. There should be at least three of them: a glass-melting furnace, in which a temperature of ~ 1100 degrees Celsius is maintained, a furnace for heating blanks, as well as a furnace for cooling finished products.
4. All 3 ovens are electric, adjustable with this simple panel. By the way, the workshop is located in the building of the Union of Artists, which is cool. In addition to this glass workshop, there are also others.
5. The "cuckoo" stove got its name from the sliding doors, resembling a birdhouse))
6. The temperature there is decent, the oven is used to heat the product during operation. You can't get inside, it's hot, but Yegor said that he and his friends put an action camera there, wrapping it in cooling rags, and took some cool photos. Fire!
7. Actually, a long blowing tube, with the help of which all the miracle happens.
8. Liquid glass is taken by a tube from a glass-melting furnace and the process of creating a blank for the product begins. In our case, it's a vase!
9. Very little glass is taken, because in large quantities it is simply not necessary.
10. Then on the metal surface you need to bring the blank to the desired shape.
11. Glass is hot, but meaningfully you can do anything with it, including inflating!
12. Once again, we dip the workpiece into the oven and grab an additional amount of liquid glass, it is needed in order to move further to the next oven, in which all the action will take place.
13. Egor goes to the "Cuckoo", in which the glass is blown and maintained in the desired shape.
14. So far, this is just a blank for a vase, that is, transparent glass, on which a layer of colored glass will be applied in the future.
15. Blowing continues until it becomes clear that the blank is ready.
16. Then, when the blank is completely ready, you get any colored glass of your own taste, in our case it is a 4-color blank from which the vase will be created. As you can see, our blank has literally stuck to the multi-colored workpiece and is already being sent to the oven.
17. In order for the ingot and the workpiece to take the desired shape, they must be combined, as it were, by bending the molten glass around the ingot.
18. Bent, now you need to use dental tweezers or any other suitable tool to connect the edges of the workpiece to each other.
19. This is done several times by sending the product into the oven, then bending and joining the edges again, until it becomes clear that the blank and the colored blank are one whole!
20. Using antique scissors, Yegor creates the bottom of a vase, as if squeezing glass.
21. And then what? Further, for a long time and persistently, you need to blow, melt, until you understand that the wall thickness is already necessary. By the way, as you can see, the stove is on gas. One such balloon is enough for 1.5 days on average. Due to the fact that the room is small, there is no way to store gas here, so every couple of days you have to refuel at the nearest gas station.
22. Molding is when a wet newspaper gives the desired shape to an article. The solidified glass spins around the newspaper, cools down, while acquiring the required shape.
23. With some other dental instrument, Yegor applies a pattern to a vase, which we will see shortly)
24. Once again, we need to dip our product into a glass-melting furnace to apply a layer of glass, to give it a glossy finish, and also for strength.
25. And again molding. In general, the process is clear and simple - blow, twist, shape, cool. But at the same time, all this is very difficult, and requires care and experience, which you get by making mistakes and achieving results. As in everything, however. Creative and interesting work, it's not for nothing that Yegor stopped being an office plankton and began to work with his hands, that's cool.
26. Here, the product with an additional layer of glass, which we have recently applied, is sent back to the oven.
27. It seems that the master realized that it was time to stretch the product. This is done in a rather tricky way - the tube, with a product at the end, quickly revolves around its axis, making several turns, thereby stretching to the desired size.
28. Then, to make the neck of the vase, you need to attach such a thing to the bottom (on the left) so that there is something to hold the product for.
29. In the meantime, on the other hand, the future throat of the vase is created with the tongs, as if simply expanding it while the glass is liquid.
30. Going into the oven a few more times, then expanding again, and voila, the elegant neck of the vase is ready!
31. Master and his product. In fact, red is yellow, and pale blue is a color closer to blue. When the product cools down, it will take on the proper colors.
32. It's time to cut that piece from the bottom of the product, we no longer need it.
33. After all, the product is sent to the oven in which the temperature of +517 degrees is maintained for a long time, and then lower, lower, lower, it is necessary for the glass to gradually cool, otherwise it will simply crack and the product will cease to exist. The vase created with us will reach room temperature in 8-9 hours, but we will not see this anymore)
34. Here, similar to our vase, are already on the stove lid. Diverse, beautiful, one might say - each is unique in its own way. Pay attention to the round gizmos on the bottoms of the vases - these are the remnants of those pieces that were cut off in photo # 32, in order to remove them, Egor later goes to another workshop, where everything is removed and cleaned by grinding. The vase is ready!
35. Broken pots that were in electric ovens, which fell into disrepair due to the fact that the electricity in the building was cut off and everything was broken.
36. On the shelves are various figurines and products that were created here.
37. Cars, for example \u003d)
A very cool workshop and Egor is an excellent craftsman who loves his job, enlightens others and is always happy to help. Contact him, every week he leads excursions to his workshop on Okhta, and together with you he will create something interesting to remember that you will take home.
Glassblower Tim McFadden from Baltimore, Maryland, USA has been in the art of glass blowing for 12 years. He has his own McFadden Art Glass workshop on Eastern Avenue and has a passionate older brother who teaches glassblowing courses in Salisbury. According to the Baltimore craftsman, the most frequent orders of his clients are vases, chandeliers, sculptures and, of course, New Year's toys. This work is creative and interesting, almost all orders McFadden performs himself. Tim McFadden in the process of creating a new glass masterpiece, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 
Blowing tubes. They wait their turn at 650 ° C. 
Hot glass mass attached to the blow tube. 
Master's desktop. 
Tim McFadden blows and processes glass. 
Cooling two-layer glass material. 
Giving the liquid glass the required shape. It cools down in the same metal vessel. 
The hot glass is wrapped in small pieces of frit. It must then go back to the color mixing pot. 
Glass mold in a cauldron called a gloryhole. Here it is heated again to continue processing. 
Connecting glass parts. 
McFadden uses a blowtorch to create patterns on a "pumpkin" made of glass. 
Shine on the inside of the vase. 
Detail of frit placers. 
Fully finished McFadden glass decoration. 
Glass crab. 
Some wizard tools.
