Torpedo boat 123 bis. Torpedo boat "Komsomolets"

Torpedo boat "Komsomolets":
made in Tyumen

70 years later, the stories about the high-speed torpedo boats of type 123 "Komsomolets" produced in Tyumen, which terrified the enemy, seem like a myth to us Siberians living far from the sea. In addition to a small ship on a bas-relief near the Eternal Flame and a “school” model in the local history museum, most of the townspeople have nothing to show. We found those people in Tyumen who still remember this weapon.

By the beginning of hostilities, the Soviet mosquito fleet had two main types of torpedo boats. The shipyards of Tyumen and Rybinsk continued to launch boats of the G-5 type, and boats of the D-3 type were built by factories in Leningrad and Sosnovka (Vyatsko-Polyansky district of the Kirov region). In terms of their functions, these ships successfully complemented each other. Small G-5s made of aluminum chain mail were boats of coastal action. Seaworthy D-3s with a hull made of wood could operate in remote areas, up to 240 miles (445 km) from the base.

Drawing scheme "Komsomolets"

This 23-ton duralumin ship was in many ways superior to its predecessor, the G-5. Changes in the design led to a good seaworthiness of the new boat - up to 4 points inclusive. In the bottom, along the entire length of the Komsomolets hull, a hollow beam passed, which served as a keel. In addition, on the sides below the waterline there were additional keels that reduced pitching. Number of waterproof compartments
rose to six. For the first time, an armored cabin made of 7-mm sheet steel appeared on Komsomolets.

Finally, the armament of the ship has changed significantly - coaxial machine guns instead of single ones and tubular torpedo tubes on the deck instead of stern chutes. Unlike the G-5, the "Komsomol" could attack the enemy with torpedoes at a very low speed. The first boat of the new project (actually "Komsomolets") was laid down on July 30, 1939, one month before the start of World War II. It was launched on May 16, 1940, and entered service on October 25 of the same year.
In the summer of 1940, when Komsomolets was being tested, they tried to improve its project. The design team of V.M. took up the modification of the ship. Burlakova. First of all, the anti-aircraft armament was strengthened, instead of one DShK machine gun, four were installed. The displacement of the ship at the same time increased by 3 tons, and the speed decreased from 51 knots to 46-48. I also had to reduce the caliber of torpedo tubes. three dozen
boats of this type entered service with the operating fleet in 1948-45.

During the war years, at the facilities of factories evacuated beyond the Urals from Leningrad, Rybinsk, Kherson, Kerch, the Tyumen shipbuilding plant manufactured and handed over 165 torpedo boats to the front.

About how the boats have proven themselves in naval battles V open letter to the people of Tyumen in 1985 on the eve of the 40th anniversary of the Victory, the Hero of the Soviet Union, chairman of the Presidium of the Council of Veteran Sailors of Torpedo Boats, spoke Baltic Fleet: "I consider it my duty to express to all Tyumen residents my deep gratitude and appreciation for everything they did during the war years for the Victory. Torpedo boats built by workers, engineers, technicians, employees of the Tyumen shipbuilding plant, in incredibly difficult conditions, during the war years played an important role in the defense of Leningrad, on the near and far approaches to it.Glorious heroic sailors on torpedo boats smashed the enemy, sank 119 and damaged 34 ships and transports of Nazi Germany.For heroic deeds, many commanders and sailors of torpedo boats were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and awarded orders and medals.

Tyumen pensioner Yuri Anatolievich Buynosov was one of those who during the war years built torpedo boats of type 123 bis "Komsomolets" at the Tyumen shipbuilding plant. He came to the plant at the age of 15, became a plaza marker - he drew life-size details of the future boat on his knees: frames, beams. When the theoretical drawing was ready, it was sent to Moscow for approval. Type 123 torpedo boat was developed in Leningrad. After studying the drawings, the engineers made changes to the project, so he received the prefix "encore" and was launched at the Tyumen plant in a series.

“When the war began, unfinished type 116 torpedo boats were evacuated from Feodosia to Tyumen on railway platforms,” Yury Anatolyevich Buynosov told Vsluh.ru. “But they were far from perfect. to the enemy, and during the battle, turning sideways, became vulnerable.They were shot like sparrows.Therefore, already in Tyumen was built new type torpedo boat. Specialists from Leningrad worked with us. The torpedo boat had much in common with the aircraft: a streamlined bottom, duralumin hull, as power plants two aircraft engine. At first they tried to install our engines, but they did not "pull". Therefore, we decided to put American Packard ones.

Special design propellers were also made in Tyumen. The trials of the boat on the Tour exceeded all expectations. According to the memoirs of Yuri Anatolyevich, before leaving the boat, the director of the plant went downstream on the ship and personally made sure that there was no one on the river.

In those years main problem for all the rivermen there were floating logs, they were rafted down the river, some of the logs were lost, - the veteran of the labor front explained. - When wet, they almost completely disappeared under water. When hitting the side, such a log could easily sink the ship, so special "harbors" were built along the river bank to catch driftwood. So, when a torpedo boat passed along the river, all these "harbors" ended up on the shore. After this incident, boats were tested only at sea."

According to Yuri Anatolyevich, the propellers spun in such a way that the boat left behind not just a water trail, but a deep ditch. Therefore, it is not difficult to imagine what the wave was like on the shore.

The plant was well guarded, and in the workshop where Yuri Anatolyevich worked, there was additional security. The boats were built in secret from most of the townspeople. There, at the plant, weapons were installed for each combat unit. The boats were taken by the sailors, who were given 10 days of rest after the battle. Torpedo boats were loaded onto platforms and taken out of the factory only at night. On each platform with a boat there was a frame, which was covered with tarpaulin around the entire perimeter.

“It was impossible to understand what was hidden under the tarpaulin box, even being close,” Yury Anatolyevich noted. “These are the parcels we sent to the front.”

Boris Mishatin

– At 50 knots« Komsomolets» walked, in fact, on screws, everything else was in the air, - says the veteran Boris Mishatin. - The boat could pick up such a speed in a minute. Feelings are indescribable! If you open your mouth, it will tear your cheeks. The boat raises spray, plus the wind and it’s as if a fireman is pouring a powerful jet from a fire hose, so we are on boats all the time were in diving suits. Life, of course, was Spartan: minders slept on motors, the radio operator bowed his head to the radio, and we from the top team - the commander, boatswain, torpedo operator, machine gunners - regardless of the weather, and in rain and snow, slept right on the deck. On the G-5 they lay down directly on the torpedoes. Vesper had everything: cockpits, a galley and even a refrigerator. However, the torpedo boat was not created for long passages -Adid so and left. As we said:« Hello enemy and« Be healthy» , eternal rest» .

The monument was erected in St. Petersburg on the territory of the Lenexpo exhibition complex (103, Bolshoy Prospekt of Vasilyevsky Island).
You can get to the monument on the city public transport, more than ten routes of which pass in close proximity.
Stop "Middle Avenue (Cash Street)".
There is free parking nearby.

Access is free (even too free), you can touch, climb. There is no security (except for Lenexpo security).

On this day, the "Smelt Festival" was held on the territory of the Lenexpo. The area was filled with exhibitions, malls, street cafes.
Therefore, there are a lot of people in the frame.

400 meters north of the boat, there is another naval memorial - "Submarine D-2" Narodovolets ".

all photos are clickable up to 3648x2736

02. We found the boat quite by accident when we went to the aforementioned holiday, after visiting the "Narodovolets".

03. There are no signs of the type / project / number / name on the boat itself and its pedestal.
To determine the ship, I re-read several reference books kindly posted on the website of Andrey Pupko's Encyclopedia of Ships.
By the way, in my opinion, the best Russian-language encyclopedia on ship topics.

04. Also, through an iterative search, I was able to presumably determine which boat was installed as this monument.
In several sources, for example http://russian-ships.info/katera/123.htm, this boat is designated as TK-23 of project 123-K.
I didn’t find any other confirmations about the number, but according to the drawings and descriptions of weapons I found in the reference books (type of machine guns, presence of radar, general layout), this is really the “Torpedo boat pr.123-K”.

05. Project 123-K became the development of projects of red torpedo boats of projects 123 "Komsomolets" (the first boat was launched in 1940) and 123-bis (1944).
123-K is a post-war series (1949-55), improved over the previous ones.
Increased speed, changed weapons.

06. A total of 205 boats of this project were built.
This is the last series of MTKA (Small Torpedo Boats) produced in the USSR

07.

08. Several dozen 123-K boats were exported to China, Egypt, Cyprus, North Korea and other countries.
Some were installed as a memory of the war. Exactly the same boat is at the sea station in Novorossiysk.

09. On the pedestal, next to the large inscription "1941-1945 To the heroic sailors of the Baltic torpedo boats", there is
small plaque with brief description heroic episodes and exploits of boat sailors.
(I remind you that the boat itself was released in the 1950s and did not take part in the battles of the Great Patriotic War)

10. Twin heavy machine guns Vladimirov (KPV) in the 2M-5 installation. Belt feed (80 shots in each belt).
Installations 2M-5 were produced at the Tula Machine-Building Plant.
Junior in place of the shooter.

12. The bow of the deck (tank).
Under the large rectangular cover should be the engine compartment with the engine.

The Soviet torpedo boat "Komsomolets" is a small high-speed military mine-artillery ship designed to deliver torpedo strikes against enemy ships in the coastal sea zone. Due to the design features and high tactical and technical parameters, ships of this type can be used for other purposes: amphibious operations, naval reconnaissance and minefields.

The history of the creation and development of the Komsomolets torpedo boat project

The task to design a new torpedo boat for the Russian Navy in 1939 was received by a group of designers from plant No. 194. Design work led by P.I. Taptygin. The new torpedo boat received a factory index - project 123. the main objective, which was put before the Soviet designers, was to create a more powerful warship that could replace the G-5 torpedo boats, which formed the basis of the domestic mosquito fleet.

The lead ship of project 123 was laid down in July 1939 at the shipyard of the Leningrad Plant No. 194. In October 1940, the ship entered service, and in March 1941 the new torpedo boat was commissioned into the Black Sea Fleet.

Subsequently, work began on improving the project. As a result, a whole family of torpedo boats of projects 123bis, M-123bis and 123K appeared, in different years, produced by Soviet shipyards.

In total, during the Great Patriotic War, 30 units of various modifications were transferred to the fleet by Soviet shipbuilders. In 1946-48, another 88 torpedo boats of various types were manufactured.

Tactical and technical characteristics of torpedo boats "Komsomolets"

• Displacement - 20.5 tons.
• Length - 18.7 m, width - 3.44 m, draft - 1.0 m.
• Two petrol engines with a capacity of 1200 hp
• Full speed - 48 knots.
• Cruising range - 240 miles.
• Armament: two 450 mm torpedo tubes, two twin 12.7 mm DShK anti-aircraft machine guns, 6 BM-1 depth charges.
• Crew - 7 people.

Torpedo boats "Komsomolets" were used in combat operations in the Black Sea and the Baltic in final stage Great Patriotic War. IN post-war period, in the 50s, part of the torpedo boats of this type was transferred to the People's Republic of China. As part of the PLA naval forces, torpedo boats were used during the Vietnamese-Chinese armed conflict in the South China Sea. A small number of Komsomolets boats were handed over to political regimes friendly to the USSR.

Photo of the boat

The lead boat "Komsomolets" of project 123 was laid down on July 30, 1939 at the shipyard of the Leningrad Shipbuilding Plant No. Comrade A. Marty. Launched on May 16, 1940, entered service on October 25 of the same year, and on March 12, 1941 - enlisted in the Black Sea Fleet. The torpedo boat "Komsomolets" was intended for torpedoing enemy ships and for setting smoke screens. Back in the summer of 1940, when Komsomolets was still undergoing factory tests, its project underwent a major rework. The design team of TsKB-19 V.M. took up the modification of the ship. Burlakova. First of all, anti-aircraft weapons were strengthened, instead of one DShK heavy machine gun, four were installed on the pedestal mount (two each in twin turret mounts). The displacement of the ship at the same time increased by 3 tons, and the speed decreased from 51 knots to 46–48. The caliber of torpedo tubes was also reduced from 533 to 450 mm, now designed for 45-36-NU torpedoes. "Komsomolets" was a boat of a completely new design, significantly different from the serial torpedo boats of the G-5 and D-3 types, and superior to them in a number of combat qualities. Unlike the old, wooden ones, the new boat had a duralumin hull 18.7 meters long and 3.4 meters wide (divided into five compartments by watertight bulkheads). A hollow keel beam ran along the entire length of the hull, which served as a keel. In addition, on the sides below the waterline there were additional side keels, which reduced pitching. Two Packard-type aircraft engines with a capacity of 2400 hp. With. (instead of the GAM-34-F with a power of 1000 hp each) provided the boat with a speed of up to 48 knots (86 km / h). The motors were located longitudinally in the hull, one after the other, so that the length of the left propeller shaft was 12.2 m, and the right one was 10. gutter. The Komsomolets serial boats were armed with four 12.7-mm DShK heavy machine guns mounted in two twin UK-2 mounts (on boats of the XIII series of later construction they were replaced by two mounts with 20-mm ShVAK automatic guns), as well as six large depth charges. Smoke equipment was mounted on the boat (DA-7 apparatus with a capacity of 40 liters). Changes in the design led to good seaworthiness of the new boat, he could use his weapons and go to top speed with excitement up to 3 points, inclusive. Unlike other Russian-built torpedo boats, the Komsomolets boat received an armored wheelhouse (from a 7 mm thick sheet). During the Great Patriotic War, the Project 123 torpedo boat was further developed. The changes affected mainly production technology. The hull structure was also strengthened, and a number of minor improvements were made. Instead of one motor, two were installed, and although the displacement of the boat increased by 5 tons, the speed remained the same - 48 knots. In November 1943, the Tyumen Shipyard (Shipbuilding Plant No. 639) handed over to the fleet the lead boat of the Komsomolets type of a new project, which received the designation "123-bis". It entered service in August 1944, as the war rolled further and further west. Project 123 bis torpedo boats were built on voluntary contributions Soviet people, and therefore some of them, in addition to numbers, received their own names, for example: "Tyumen worker", "Tyumen Komsomolets", "Tyumen pioneer", "Riverman of the Angara", "Odessa patriot", "Odessa collective farmer", "Odessa Komsomolets”, “Komsomol of Kazakhstan”, “Artemovets”, “Working Artem”, “Seaman of Dalstroy” and others. Until the end of the war, 30 boats of the 123-bis type descended from the stocks of the Tyumen plant No. 639, and in 1946-1953, another 205 such ships were built at the shipyard No. 183 in Feodosia (50 - project 123-bis and 155 - project 123-K) . New coastal torpedo boats of the Komsomolets type managed to take an active part in the final battles in the Baltic during the Great Patriotic War. The actions of the maneuverable and fast "Komsomol" against the German convoys were very successful. These torpedo boats showed their high combat qualities in full measure in the spring of 1945, when units of the Red Army were already completing the defeat of the Nazi troops, advancing towards Berlin with heavy fighting. From the sea, Soviet ground forces covered the ships of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet, and the entire burden of combat operations in the waters of the southern Baltic fell on the shoulders of the crews of submarines, naval aviation and torpedo boats. Trying to keep ports in East Prussia for the evacuation of retreating troops for as long as possible, the German troops made feverish attempts to dramatically increase the number of search-strike and patrol groups of boats. These measures significantly aggravated the situation in the Baltic, and then the 3rd division of Komsomolets torpedo boats was deployed to help the active forces of the KBF. On the night of April 21, 1945, the search for enemy ships in the area of ​​​​the Hel Spit was carried out by a detachment of boats, under the command of Lieutenant Commander P. Efimenko. Soviet boats were moving at the slowest pace. This masked, but also required iron restraint and self-control from the crews. And then P. Efimenko decided to go deep into the Danzig Bay - to the mouth of the Vistula. At that time, only one task was set for the boatmen: to find and sink enemy ships, which continued to intensively transfer troops across the sea. Finally, three German fast landing barges (FDBs) with heavy artillery were discovered. A short distance behind them were five patrol boats. However, the attack had to be delayed as it could have been the vanguard of a large convoy. And in this case the intuition and calculation of the captain-lieutenant P. Efimenko turned out to be correct. In the predawn twilight a caravan appeared. It consisted of an extremely overloaded transport, which was guarded by several destroyers, patrol boats and torpedo boats. Two more high-speed landing barges closed the marching order. Having distributed the targets, the detachment commander gave the order to attack. The boat TK-135 of Senior Lieutenant A. Aksenov went first and immediately fired a volley from both torpedo tubes. Following him, with a slight delay, the boat TK-133 "Working Artem" of Lieutenant Commander V. Solodovnikov discharged torpedo tubes. A few seconds passed, and a deafening double explosion was heard behind the boats: the torpedoes hit the target - the German destroyer Z-34 received serious damage. Further, the actions of Aksenov and Solodovnikov were almost automatic - turning the boats, setting up a smoke screen and leaving in afterburner. However, this time the Soviet boatmen were not lucky: when leaving the battle, an enemy shell landed in the engine compartment of the TK-135, and its engines immediately stalled. He lost his course, but soon help arrived in time. Under heavy fire from enemy guns, another boat TK-131 "Riverman of the Angara" by Lieutenant N. Korotkevich, covering A. Aksenov's "Komsomolets" with a smoke screen, took the damaged boat in tow and began to take it out of the battle. However, a German patrol boat, converted from a fishing boat, firing from all guns, blocked the path of Soviet torpedo boats. And immediately, both boats opened fire on the enemy from large-caliber machine-gun installations. Soon the German watch caught fire, and then an explosion followed, and after a few minutes only fragments of it remained on the surface of the water. The path to their base for torpedo boats was open. In 1995, at the Almaz shipyard in St. Petersburg, which specialized in the construction and repair of high-speed boats for the Federal Border Service and Navy Russia, specially for the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War on Poklonnaya Gora in Moscow, a full-size model of the project 123-bis boat was built according to original drawings. He was assigned side number in honor of the honored torpedo boat "TK-131".

Length - 18.7 m Beam - 3.4 m Draft - 1.2 m Standard displacement - 20.5 tons Full displacement - 23 tons Maximum travel speed - 48 knots Cruise speed - 28.8 knots Power: internal gasoline aircraft engine combustion "Packard" - 2x1200 hp Cruising range - 345 miles Armament: Air defense artillery - 2 twin installations of 12.7-mm DShK heavy machine guns (subsequently 2 installations of 20-mm ShVAK cannons) Anti-submarine weapons - 2 tray bombers; - 6 depth bombs M-1;

Apparatus with smoke mixture DA-7 with a capacity of 40 liters

Torpedo-mine weapons - torpedo tubes - 2x450 Endurance - 36 hours Crew - 7 people.

A model of a project 123K torpedo boat was installed in Kaliningrad on the banks of the Pregol River at the intersection of Moskovsky Prospekt and Oktyabrskaya Street.
Access is free, the pedestal is high. There is no security.
The condition is not historical.
Shooting date - June 01, 2015.

01.

All photos are clickable up to 3648x2736.

02. The boat is the central element of the memorial complex "Baltic Sailors".





03. Commemorative plaques ( , ) of the memorial list units and formations of the Baltic Fleet that took part in the Great Patriotic War.





04. Monument of history
municipal significance
memorial sign
sailors-Baltic
1974





05. A model of a torpedo boat of project 123K with elements of 123 bis and original details is installed on the pedestal.
The original boat, installed in 1974, was badly damaged by time and vandals.





06. The local press wrote about the restoration like this:
For more than a month, it was under reconstruction at the Yantar Baltic shipbuilding plant, where shipbuilders made a new hull.
The old one is rusted.
The surviving torpedo tubes, steering wheel and propellers were removed from the previous combat vehicle.
"Native" parts were installed on a fresh metal case.
"Komsomolskaya Pravda. Kaliningrad" (04.04.2010)

"Yantar" specialists carried out a serious research work, as a result of which the 123-bis project was taken as the basis for the model, the torpedo boats of which took part in hostilities in the Baltic.
The new commemorative sign will be different appearance from its predecessor - a representative of a later, already post-war project.
From the "Komsomolets" of the 1978 model, only torpedo tubes remained on the new boat.
"New Kaliningrad" (04/01/2010)

It is difficult to understand why the 123-bis project is mentioned, although the boat is most similar to 123K.
From 123K - superstructure, radar mast, aft end shape.
In addition, the 123K has only one 2M-5 machine gun mount, while the 123bis has two 2-UK-T.
The differences in silhouettes are obvious:

Definitely 123K.
Most likely, the desire to pass it off as 123-bis is due to the fact that 123K is a strictly post-war series of boats, and 123-bis managed to successfully fight.





07. A real rear admiral gives interviews to TV people against the backdrop of a boat and the "House of Soviets" - the most epic Kaliningrad unfinished building of the Soviet era.





08. "Komsomolets" - a series of Soviet small torpedo boats of projects 123, 123bis, M-123bis and 123K.

The lead boat of project 123 was laid down on July 30, 1939 at the shipyard of the Leningrad plant N 194 (building berth N C-505).
Launched May 16, 1940, commissioned October 25, 1940.
March 12, 1941 was enrolled in the Black Sea Fleet.
According to the characteristics, it differed significantly from the boats of subsequent series.





09. After the launch of the lead boat of project 123, the design bureau of the shipbuilding plant N 639 began finalizing the project, and in November 1943 the fleet received new project boats of the "Komsomolets" type, which received the designation "123bis".
Until the end of World War II, 31 boats of project 123bis left the stocks of the Tyumen plant No. 639.





10. In the post-war period, the design of boats of the Komsomolets type was revised 2 more times, and in 1946-1953 another 205 Komsomolets torpedo boats descended from the stocks of the Feodosia shipbuilding plant No. 831 (50 of the M-123bis project and 155 of the 123K project ).





11. Redan boat with a duralumin hull.
The hull is divided by watertight bulkheads into five compartments.
A hollow keel beam is laid along the entire length of the hull, performing the function of a keel.
To reduce pitching, side keels are installed on the underwater part of the hull.
Two aircraft engines are installed in the housing one after the other, while the length of the left propeller shaft was 12.2 m, and the right one was 10 m.
Torpedo tubes, unlike boats of the previous types, are tubular, not trough.





12. Screws. Possibly original.





13. Layout of the 2M-5 installation with a coaxial 14.5 mm Vladimirov machine gun.
What the original installation looks like I saw in St. Petersburg.

Strange kegs on foreground(and on the left side of the picture, on the other side) - imitation of BM-1 depth charges





14. BM-1 (Bomba small, first) was proposed as an auxiliary anti-submarine weapon, as well as as a weapon for slow ships and boats that would not have enough speed to get away from shock wave Big Bombs BB-1.
In addition, the "Small Bomb" became a demining tool and was used to detonate enemy acoustic mines.





15. Torpedo tubes seem to be the only original part of the monument.





16. The main armament of the boat is two 450 mm torpedoes 45-36N, 45-36NU in TTKA-45 torpedo tubes (on Series II-VI TTKA-45-52).