Which doctors are present at the medical examination? Which employees must undergo medical examinations? List of tests and doctors to undergo

Many professions are associated with dangerous or harmful factors that negatively affect a person’s life. Some people do not even have the opportunity to study a particular craft due to health reasons. To prevent industrial accidents and for preventive purposes occupational diseases Mandatory periodic medical examination is provided. Let's consider the rules of its organization and determine the persons responsible for this.

Legislation on the medical examination procedure

The employer is entirely responsible for occupational safety. The law entrusts him with the obligation to promptly organize a medical examination when applying for a job or during his working life. The following legal documents regulate this obligation:

• Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
• Order of Rosminzdrav of 2004, establishing a list of dangerous and harmful production work, the performance of which requires periodic medical examinations of workers.
• Order of Rosmindravmedprom, which contains information about the category of employees subject to mandatory medical examination, indicating its frequency.
• Industry documents ( sanitary rules and standards).

The Labor Code obliges employers to organize a medical examination for an employee, who must comply with the requirements of medical control. Violation of the rules by an employee or employer may result in administrative liability. Failure to undergo a periodic medical examination on time will result in the employee being suspended from duty. job responsibilities. Moreover, if it is the employer’s fault, then the duration of the downtime will be paid. Otherwise, the person will remain without wages.

Concept and purposes of medical examination

A medical examination is a set of activities and interventions that are aimed at diagnosing human pathological conditions and preventing the risks of developing occupational and other diseases. Periodic procedures are carried out to monitor the health of employees and reduce occupational injuries. For each, there are deadlines within which the employee must see doctors.

Periodic medical examinations ensure timely response to changes in health status. It is thanks to such events that it is possible to recognize developments in initial stages and begin timely treatment. The results of the survey may prompt the employer to transfer the employee to a less dangerous area of ​​production. The verdict of the medical commission ultimately either confirms the employee’s suitability to perform his duties, or, conversely, does not allow him to perform them.

Prerequisites for medical examination

Carrying out periodic medical examinations carried out in certain deadlines, which depend on the degree of danger production factors and their type of harmfulness. It is possible to determine whether an employee is affected by any unfavorable conditions using the appendix to Order No. 302n.

If at least one of the listed factors is exposed, a periodic medical examination should be carried out at least once a year.

Today, when applying for almost any position, you must undergo a preliminary medical examination. And this is not at all the whim of the employer. In addition to employees exposed to hazardous and harmful factors, preliminary and periodic medical examinations are carried out by the following employees:

• medical and preventive and children's institutions;
• Food Industry;
• trade;
• Catering;
• waterworks.

Mandatory inspection is carried out in order to protect the population from the occurrence and spread of dangerous diseases.

Referral for medical examination

Preliminary and periodic medical examinations are regulated by Order No. 302n. In the first case, before hiring for a certain position, the employer issues the applicant a referral letter containing information about the enterprise, the proposed position and the nature of harmful or dangerous production factors (if any). The list of specialists and laboratory and functional tests that a future employee must undergo is established in accordance with the List of Works and Harmful Factors. The medical examination is considered completed if all prescribed procedures are completed. At this stage, a medical opinion is formed, which allows or prohibits the employee from occupying a certain position. It is important to understand that if the medical board makes a negative decision, an employment contract cannot be concluded with the applicant.

Periodic medical examinations of workers are carried out within the periods specified in the List of Work and Harmful Factors. Two months before the next medical examination, the employer is obliged to issue a referral to the employee. The employee undertakes to appear at the specified time.

Organization of periodic medical examinations

Before sending employees to a medical facility for a medical examination, the employer must complete several tasks. First of all, it is necessary to compile a list of employees. This normative act enterprises containing information about the professions of employees that are subject to preliminary or periodic medical examination. There is no standard form for this document, but a list of data that should be included in it has been developed:

• employee position according to the staffing table;
• name of hazardous work or type of work.

This may include Additional Information at the discretion of the employer. The list of contingents is approved once, until any changes occur at the enterprise (new jobs, improvement or deterioration of working conditions, reorganization). Ready document sent to Rospotrebnadzor.

Name lists of persons are developed annually two months before the agreed date of the medical examination. It must indicate the working experience precisely under the conditions of the declared production factor. It should be noted that a periodic medical examination is carried out at least once every 2 years in a medical institution and once every 5 years in an occupational pathology center. The lists are compiled separately.

Issue of an order

The company enters into an agreement with a medical institution, where employees will undergo regular medical examinations. After agreeing on the terms, a survey is drawn up, which must be familiarized to employees. Each person on the list of names confirms the fact of informing with a personal signature. At the same time, the employee may be given a referral for a periodic medical examination.

The need to carry out planned preventive measures is confirmed by issuing an order, which is drawn up in any form. Let's look at the approximate contents of this document:

Order “On conducting periodic medical examinations”

In accordance with Art. 212, 213, 266 Labor Code of the Russian Federation,

I ORDER:

1. Approve lists of employees who are subject to mandatory medical examination in 2016. A schedule of preventive measures and a list of employees is attached.
2. Send the employees listed on the list to a medical facility " City Polyclinic No. 2" in accordance with the established schedule for the medical examination.
3. Heads of departments and divisions should not allow these employees to perform their job duties until the examinations have been completed.
4. Heads of departments and divisions should familiarize employees with the order and sign it.
5. Control over the execution of the order is entrusted to Ivanov I.V.

After which the director’s full name, his personal signature and attachments with a surname list of persons who need to come to the medical institution to undergo a medical examination are indicated. Order for periodic medical examinations - mandatory document, which is drawn up on the basis of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and Order of Rosminzdrav No. 302n.

Frequency of inspection for certain professions

As already mentioned, monitoring the health of employees is carried out under the condition that the latter work in harmful and dangerous production, regularly visit clinics and representatives of professions who in one way or another come into contact with big amount persons Mandatory periodic medical examinations are required for employees:

• Food Industry, food trade, public catering - research is carried out twice a year on infectious diseases and STDs, as well as analysis for staphylococcus carriage and other bacteriological studies. Once a year, fluorography, consultation with a therapist and laboratory tests for the presence of helminths are prescribed.
• Children's preschool, school and secondary vocational medical institutions - examinations for the presence of STDs, infectious diseases and bacteriological studies are carried out up to 4 times a year. General therapeutic commission with fluorography and laboratory tests required once a year.
• Pharmacies and non-food trade - once a year, examination by a dermatovenerologist, therapist, fluorography and laboratory tests are indicated.
• Communal services for the population and swimming pools - they are examined for the presence of STDs 2 times a year and undergo a standard medical examination 1 time a year. Vaccination against diphtheria is required.

It is worth noting that the examinations, regardless of profession, include procedures such as fluorography, blood tests for syphilis, bacteriological studies for STDs, examination by a narcologist and a psychiatrist. For women, a visit to a gynecologist is mandatory.

Medical examination of persons working in hazardous and hazardous industries

Depending on the category of hazardous factors, the deadlines for employees to undergo mandatory testing are established. It should be taken into account that, regardless of work experience and profession, the following persons are subject to annual examination:

• up to 21 years old;
• hired in the Far North region (including in equivalent regions) from another area;
• working on a rotational basis.

Let's consider the frequency of medical examination depending on the working conditions (profession).

Do not forget that there is a professional periodic medical examination, which must be completed at the occupational pathology center once every five years.

Medical examination before the start of the working day (shift)

Some employees, who are responsible for more than just their own lives, undergo a short medical examination every day. This includes workers employed in hazardous and hazardous industries. Purpose: monitoring health status after a working day and recording complaints about well-being. Drivers of all ground vehicles, as well as pilots, undergo periodic medical examinations at work. This time is included in the working day (shift) and takes at most 15 minutes, unless, of course, there is suspicion of a deterioration in the employee’s condition. Procedures include measuring pulse, blood pressure, overall rating health conditions and reactions. Periodic medical examination of drivers necessarily includes a check of clarity of consciousness. If there is alcohol or drug intoxication (which is confirmed or refuted by express tests, if necessary), the employee is removed from the flight. Medical exemption from execution labor responsibilities General malaise and pressure changes may also occur.

The legislation decided mandatory passage pre-trip check of drivers' condition for each enterprise or individual entrepreneur. Every employee employed by vehicle, which belongs to a legal entity, undergoes a medical examination. The doctor or paramedic decides on the employee’s permission to work. Medical conclusion personnel must be strictly observed.

Who pays?

In order for an employee to undergo periodic medical examinations, it is required to pay for preventive procedures. Who bears the costs of medical examination? When hiring and carrying out work activities, the costs of a medical examination are borne by the employer. This rule is regulated by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Article 213). The company is free to choose its own medical facility. Before concluding an agreement with an organization, you should make sure of the following points:

• the organization is licensed;
• in the list of services and works in the annex to the license it is noted that the institution has the right to conduct medical examinations or examinations of professional suitability;
• has all the necessary specialists on staff;
• owns the required equipment;
• provides services at the address specified in the license.

It is also necessary to clarify the procedure for examination by a narcologist and a psychiatrist. Often, additional visits to dispensaries are required to obtain certificates of mental and physical health. The cost of services is determined based on the number of required consultations and studies.

Even if the applicant is not employed after passing the medical examination, the employer does not have the right to demand reimbursement of expenses. Deductions from wages or independent payment for preventive examinations are unlawful in relation to the employee. The employer is obliged to bear all expenses and, in addition, maintain the employee’s salary during the medical examination within the average daily wage.

Periodic medical examination is an important event that allows timely diagnosis of occupational and socially dangerous diseases. Procedures are carried out primarily in the interests of the employee. Both the employer and the employee should comply with the requirements of the law regarding medical examinations. Violations lead to administrative fines of a considerable amount.

“On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population” does not give rise to discrepancies: Article 34 “Compulsory medical examinations” states that workers... are required to undergo preliminary upon employment and periodic preventive medical examinations. Individual entrepreneurs and legal entities are obliged to provide the conditions necessary for timely medical examinations by employees.

What specialists should a medical worker visit before starting work (since without undergoing medical examinations on the basis of the same Federal Law-52, he cannot be allowed to perform official duties) is stated in the Order of the Ministry of Health and social development RF dated April 12, 2011 “On approval of lists of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors and work, during the performance of which mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations are carried out...”

The order came into force on January 1, 2012. However, it has not yet been fully read by the heads of cosmetology clinics. According to the old tradition, they looked at the list, found an item that concerns medical workers (in order No. 302n this is item 17 of Appendix 2) and decided that this was enough.

Those who had the patience to scroll through Appendix 2 to the end discovered that no - not enough. Indeed, other types of inspections are indicated in the note to the appendix.

Medical examinations of medical workers

Medical workers undergo:

When starting a job:

• chest x-ray;
• blood test for syphilis;
• smears for gonorrhea;
• testing for carriage of intestinal pathogens and serological testing for typhoid fever (hereinafter - according to epidemiological indications);
• studies for helminthiases (in the future - at least once a year or according to epidemiological indications);
• a swab from the throat and nose for the presence of pathogenic staphylococcus (in the future - once every 6 months);
• 1 time per year examination by a dermatovenerologist, otorhinolaryngologist, dentist and infectious disease specialist (upon recommendation).

When conducting both preliminary (before entering work) and periodic (that is, annual) medical examinations, the health worker takes a clinical blood test (hemoglobin, color indicator, red blood cells, platelets, leukocytes, leukocyte formula, ESR), a clinical urine test ( specific gravity, protein, sugar, sediment microscopy), undergoes electrocardiography, digital fluorography or radiography in 2 projections (direct and right lateral) of the lungs, biochemical screening: determination of glucose and cholesterol levels in the blood serum.

All women are examined by an obstetrician-gynecologist with bacteriological (for flora) and cytological (for atypical cells) examinations at least once a year; Women over the age of 40 undergo mammography or ultrasound of the mammary glands once every 2 years.

All medical workers must be vaccinated in accordance with the National Vaccination Calendar, approved by the Order of the Russian Ministry of Health dated March 21, 2014.

Can an employee undergo a medical examination on his own and is it enough to simply have a medical book at the workplace?

No. The medical examination system itself must be organized by the head and confirmed by certain documents.

This is stated in the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development No. 302n, but in more detail - in the territorial administration Federal service on supervision in the field of protection of consumer rights and human well-being in the city of Moscow "On the application of the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia No. 302n dated April 12, 2011."

Conducting a medical examination program in a clinic or beauty salon with a medical license begins with the manager compiling a list of the contingent of employees available in his institution and sending it to territorial body Rospotrebnadzor.

This list is approved by Rospotrebnadzor, and on its basis you can enter into an agreement with an organization that has a license for the type of activity.

In fact, it contains everything in a structured form that is in the medical book itself, only in the act it can be read, whereas in the medical book the seals are usually sloppy and the signatures of the doctors are illegible. That’s why there are so many phony, fake books - the temptation is great, but no one understands anything about them anyway...

The former chief sanitary doctor, widely known in medical (and not only!) circles, G. Onishchenko, assured that the medical book is the most falsified document in Russia.

So, the final act is all the information about each of the workers who passed the inspection.

It states:

• date of issue of the conclusion;
• last name, first name, patronymic, date of birth, gender of the person applying for work (employee);
• employer's name;
• Name structural unit employer (if any), position (profession) or type of work;
• name of the harmful production factor(s) and (or) type of work;
• result of medical examination ( medical contraindications identified, not identified);
• the conclusion is signed by the chairman of the medical commission indicating the surname and initials and certified by the seal of the medical organization that conducted the medical examination.

Such a report is drawn up for each employee who was sent for a medical examination. In general, a general act is drawn up for the organization, and now it contains all the information in full:

• name of the medical organization that performed preliminary inspection, its location address and OGRN code;
• date of drawing up the act;
• employer's name;
• the total number of workers, including women, workers under 18 years of age, workers who have been diagnosed with a permanent degree of disability;
• number of workers employed at hard work and at work with hazardous and (or) dangerous conditions labor;
• number of workers employed in jobs that require periodic medical examinations (examinations) in order to protect public health, prevent the occurrence and spread of diseases, including women, workers under 18 years of age, workers who have been diagnosed with a permanent degree of disability ;
• the number of workers subject to periodic medical examination, including women, workers under the age of 18, workers who have been determined to have a permanent degree of disability;
• the number of workers who have undergone periodic medical examinations, including women, workers under the age of 18, workers who have been diagnosed with a permanent degree of disability;
• percentage of employees covered by periodic medical examinations;
• a list of persons who have undergone a periodic medical examination, indicating gender, date of birth, structural unit (if any), conclusion of the medical commission;
• the number of workers who have not completed periodic medical examinations, including women, workers under the age of 18, workers who have been determined to have a permanent degree of disability;
• a list of employees who have not completed periodic medical examinations;
• the number of workers who have not undergone periodic medical examinations, including women, workers under the age of 18, workers who have been determined to have a permanent degree of disability;
• a list of employees who have not undergone periodic medical examinations;
• the number of employees who do not have medical contraindications to work;
• the number of employees with temporary medical contraindications to work;
• the number of employees with permanent medical contraindications to work;
• number of employees requiring additional examination (no conclusion given);
• the number of workers who need examination at the occupational pathology center;
• the number of workers in need of outpatient examination and treatment;
• the number of workers in need of inpatient examination and treatment;
• the number of employees in need of sanatorium-resort treatment;
• the number of employees in need of dispensary observation;
• a list of persons with a preliminary diagnosis of an occupational disease, indicating gender, date of birth, structural unit (if any), profession (position), harmful and (or) hazardous production factors and work;
• a list of newly diagnosed chronic somatic diseases indicating the class of diseases according to the International Classification of Diseases - 10 (hereinafter referred to as ICD-10);
• a list of newly identified occupational diseases indicating the class of diseases according to ICD-10;
• results of implementation of recommendations of the previous final act;
• recommendations to the employer on the implementation of a set of health-improving measures, including preventive and other measures.

Pay attention to the latter - this very complex can also be checked by the labor inspectorate!

When checking compliance with sanitary and epidemiological regulations in a clinic or beauty salon, representatives of Rospotrebnadzor also have the right to check the list of workers according to the final act with the list of contingent.

Yes, you and I have not yet clarified what should be indicated in the list of contingents compiled by the employer in order to be approved by Rospotrebnadzor:

• employer's name;
• form of ownership and type economic activity employer according to OKVED;
• name of the medical organization, actual address of its location and OGRN code;
• type of medical examination (preliminary or periodic);
• last name, first name, patronymic of the person applying for work (employee);
• date of birth of the person applying for work (employee);
• name of the structural unit of the employer (if any) in which the person applying for work will be employed (employee);
• name of position (profession) or type of work;
• harmful and (or) dangerous production factors, as well as the type of work in accordance with the contingent of workers approved by the employer, subject to preliminary (periodic) inspections.

Health passport

Important! When conducting a medical examination in an organization that has assumed this responsibility, an outpatient card is created for the employee undergoing the medical examination. Since May 2015, this is form N 025/у “Medical record of a patient receiving medical care on an outpatient basis", approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health of Russia dated December 15, 2014.

Order No. 302n of the Ministry of Health and Social Development, which came into force in 2012, already mentions the Health Passport, but regulatory authorities (in particular, Rospotrebnadzor) recently began to check it. There are no exceptions for medical workers of private clinics, including cosmetology clinics: A health passport is not issued only to those who are assigned to medical care by the FMBA of Russia.

The Health Passport must have a number and the date it was filled out. And this document is constantly kept by the employee, to the organization that conducts medical examinations, it is handed over only for the duration of their completion.

Fines for non-compliance with the rules for conducting medical examinations

And another question - who pays for everything? The answer is clear - a legal entity that enters into an agreement with an organization to conduct preventive and periodic medical examinations. This comes into effect here Civil Code: The Contractor undertakes to do, the Customer undertakes to pay. Who is the person ordering the medical examination? Clinic or beauty salon with a medical license.

And now about whether a fine can be imposed for non-compliance with the rules for conducting medical examinations.

The Code of Administrative Offenses will tell us about fines for medical examinations in 2015, article 5.27.1 “Violation of state regulatory labor protection requirements contained in federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation":

Allowing an employee to perform his job duties without... mandatory preliminary (upon entry to work) and periodic (during employment) medical examinations... entails the imposition of an administrative fine on officials in the amount of fifteen thousand to twenty-five thousand rubles; for persons carrying out entrepreneurial activities without forming a legal entity - from fifteen thousand to twenty-five thousand rubles; on legal entities- from one hundred ten thousand to one hundred thirty thousand rubles.

Passing a medical examination upon hiring

The Labor Code states that there are categories of workers for whom a medical examination is required upon hiring. At the same time, only a few examples are indicated in the Code itself; the establishment of all other categories remains the responsibility of individual regulations and federal laws.

Who and why should undergo a preliminary (primary) medical examination when applying for a job?

Employees undergo medical examinations for the following purposes:

1. Identification of health contraindications for performing a particular type of work.
2. Reducing the number of cases of occupational diseases and injuries received at work.
3. Suspension from work of employees who, for health reasons, cannot work in this position.

The main document that regulates the mandatory medical examinations is the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, it establishes:

1. A small list of categories that must undergo a medical examination and gives the right to establish expanded lists by separate regulations.
2. Obliges the parties labor relations(employee and employer) carry out such inspections without fail as part of meeting labor protection requirements in the organization.
3. Obliges the employer to pay for all medical examinations.

Currently, the main document that regulates who must undergo a medical examination before employment is the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation “On approval of lists of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors and work, during which mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations (examinations) are carried out ), and the Procedure for conducting mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations (examinations) of workers engaged in heavy work and work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions” dated April 12, 2011 No. 302n, it regulates the following aspects:
Determines the factors and work for which a medical examination is required.

1. Establishes the procedure for undergoing medical examinations.
2. Establishes what documents must be presented by the employee to undergo an inspection, and what documents must be issued to him based on the results of the inspection.
3. Determines who can conduct inspections.
4. Determines the employer’s procedure when sending for medical examinations.

Factors whose influence requires a medical examination are indicated in Appendix 1 to this order, and the types of work are in Appendix 2.
When an employer issues a referral, he must indicate the points of the relevant applications; there may be several of them at once.

What does the examination include?

The employer issues a direction to the future employee indicating the grounds for the inspection. With this referral, the employee can go either to any clinic that has a license to conduct paid services, or to the institution indicated to him by the employer.
There they determine the list of doctors that a person will have to go through.

The conclusion of a psychiatrist and narcologist is obtained in separate institutions.

This should be done at the place of registration. If the registration was changed less than a year ago or the person does not live in the place where he is registered, you can contact the relevant dispensaries at the place of residence and ask to make a request at the place of registration.
After the answer comes, the conclusion can be obtained at your place of residence by undergoing additional examinations.
As a rule, this is an encephalogram and a urine test for the presence of narcotic substances.

What documents are needed to pass a medical examination for work?

In order to undergo a medical examination, a person must have a passport and a referral from the employer, which must necessarily contain a reference to factors and work.


In addition, you may need additional documents. For example, a driver’s license, if a medical examination is required for permission to drive vehicles.

How long is the certificate valid?

After the inspection, a conclusion must be drawn up and issued to the employee regarding his suitability (or unsuitability) to perform the work specified in the direction.
The form of the conclusion form is not established in Order 302n, so it is issued on the letterhead of a medical institution. Some clinics write the results of examinations directly to the employer’s referral letter. This will not be a violation provided that the conclusion of the chairman of the medical commission (therapist) is indicated there, the date of the conclusion is clearly indicated and all this is certified by the triangular seal of the medical institution.


The validity period of the certificate, that is, the frequency of the medical examination, depends on what factor or what work serves as the basis for the medical examination. As a rule, the certificate is valid for 1–2 years. It is counted from the date of the conclusion about the suitability of the employee.

Read also: Hiring foreigners in 2020: step-by-step instruction, duties and responsibilities of the employer

What is the cost of the procedure

The full cost of a medical examination depends on where it is performed. It will depend on the number of doctors you need to see. For example, the average cost of a medical examination for a driver in Moscow is 1,500–2,000 rubles. Here you need to add a visit to a narcologist and a psychiatrist. Depending on the location, the cost of a certificate from these specialists starts from 300–500 rubles and more.

Who makes the payment

According to Article 213 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the cost of paying for a medical examination of employees is borne by the employer. He must pay the employee the entire cost of the procedure upon presentation of the relevant documents on the expenses incurred, or send the person to a medical institution with which he has an agreement and pay the cost himself.

If at your own expense

The employer does not have the right to force an employee to undergo a medical examination upon hiring at his own expense; he must reimburse the money spent, even if the employee is found unfit to perform the job for which he is applying.

Medical examination depending on the employee

In addition to the factors given in Order 302n, there are certain categories of workers who need to be sent for a medical examination.

For minor workers

If an employer employs citizens who are under 18 years of age, he must send them for a medical examination, regardless of what job they are applying for.

Minors should not be hired to work with harmful and dangerous factors, even if they passed a medical examination.

For managers

The law does not indicate that a manager must undergo a medical examination. But this may be provided for by the corporate policy of the organization. It must be remembered that an employee cannot be required to undergo a medical examination if it is not provided for by law.
Working as a manager does not exclude the presence of factors for a medical examination. For example, all employees who work at a computer more than half of their working time must undergo a medical examination.
Also, a free medical examination for a manager can be established as a bonus under the voluntary health insurance system for employees.

For the driver

All drivers must undergo a medical examination upon hiring. Moreover, this category includes not only persons who apply for this position, but also employees who will work in another position, but will drive the organization’s car. For example, an electrician with a traveling nature of work, who will independently drive a car owned by the employer.

One of the fundamental principles regulatory regulation in the world of work is to ensure safety. Many activities are aimed at achieving safety compliance goals. Associated with it are certain lists of rights and obligations of the parties to labor relations. One of these events is a medical examination when hiring in cases established by law. In appropriate cases, a candidate for employment is required to undergo a medical examination. The employer, in turn, is obliged to organize a medical examination and grant admission to work only if the candidate’s health status is assessed positively.

Who undergoes a preliminary medical examination when applying for a job?

The list of candidates for whom there is a need to carry out the procedure under consideration is quite wide. Their main list is contained in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. In particular, a medical examination upon hiring will be required for:

• minor candidates for employment;
• employment for the purpose of carrying out work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions;
• employment for the purpose of working in transport;
• work in the Far North and similar areas;
• rotation method works, etc.

The objectives of the inspection are as follows:

• establishing compliance of the candidate’s health status with the corresponding position (job);
• timely detection and prevention of diseases.

Organizing a medical examination when applying for a job

The obligation to organize a preliminary medical examination rests with the employer. Employment for a relevant vacant position must be determined by the need to undergo such an examination. A candidate’s disagreement with a medical examination should result in an unconditional refusal of employment.

As provided in Art. 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, a preliminary medical examination when hiring must be carried out at the expense of the employer.

The employer has the right:

• enter into an agreement with a medical institution to conduct appropriate examinations within a certain period of time;
• send candidates to a medical institution for a medical examination under a one-time contract.

How does a medical examination work when applying for a job?

Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated April 12, 2011 N 302n approved the rules for conducting medical examinations (hereinafter referred to as Rules No. 302n).

According to Rules No. 302n, the medical institution conducting the relevant medical examination must have the right (license) to conduct it.

The composition of the medical commission for examinations when applying for a job is formed on an ongoing basis. It must include an occupational pathologist and specialists who have undergone advanced training or have a certificate in the relevant specialty “occupational pathology”.

During the examination, the following is entered and registered for the candidate:

• medical card (not issued to the person, but stored in a medical institution);
• health passport (issued to the person);
• the conclusion reached by the medical commission upon hiring, indicating the results of the medical examination (handed over to the person).

Employer's liability

If an employer allows an employee to work who refused to undergo a medical examination when applying for a job or for whom such a medical examination was not organized, he risks being held administratively liable.

Based on Part 3 of Art. 5.27.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, such a violation may result in a fine:

• for an entrepreneur - from 15,000 to 25,000 rubles;
• for an organization - from 110,000 to 130,000 rubles.

The law in Russia requires a medical examination for a certain group of workers at the time of hiring.

Target– assess the general health of the potential candidate, confirming it professional suitability either by identifying possible features and illnesses that do not allow him to take a vacant position.

Conducting mandatory medical examinations can prevent the spread of epidemics and prevent accidents.

Mandatory medical examinations

Medical examinations are divided into types:

• Preliminary.
• Annual (periodic).
• Out-of-turn inspections.

A preliminary examination is carried out during the period when a new employee is hired. Employees belonging to certain categories and working in harmful conditions. When examined out of turn, the employee himself can ask the supervisor due to the recommendations of certain medical specialists.

Mandatory medical examinations are subject to payment by the employer and are specific to certain employees. The obligation to conduct such surveys of citizens may be established by municipal authorities for specific enterprises.

Preliminary medical examinations

When hiring a person, it is necessary to determine whether a person is suitable for health reasons to perform duties in a particular workplace. To do this, employers require a preliminary examination. Labor legislation establishes standards that guarantee workers the security of their earnings.

The process of preliminary medical examination depends on the gender of the employee and the nature of the position for which he is applying. The list of doctors you will see may vary.

Here is a general list of specialists:

• Ophthalmologist.
• Surgeon.
• Neuropathologist.
• Otolaryngologist.
• General practitioner.

In addition, the employee will have to pass traditional general tests, undergo an ECG and fluorography session. After the citizen has visited all the doctors, the therapist gives a general opinion on the employee’s health.

Procedure for medical examinations

Mandatory examination by specialists when hiring a new employee is carried out at the expense of the employer or paid for by him after employment.

The employer issues the future employee a special examination sheet (referral), on the basis of which the examination will be carried out by the doctors indicated on it.

Often the examination takes place in a medical organization with which the company has an agreement. You must come for the medical examination with a passport or other document that allows you to prove your identity.

The patient’s personal card records the results of examinations and the therapist’s conclusion. It provides information about the general level of health and the presence or absence of health conditions that interfere with the performance of work. The document is certified by a seal medical institution

. The conclusion must be issued to the employee, and a second copy is placed in the patient’s personal record, which is stored in the clinic.

A citizen who has not passed a medical examination cannot start working.

Responsibilities of an employee when undergoing a medical examination

All employees are responsible for complying with labor safety requirements, and the employer provides them with safe working conditions.

If an employee belongs to the group of citizens subject to mandatory medical examination at work, then he must undergo the necessary examination. This applies to all types of medical examinations. The employee is considered to have violated labor discipline

, if he did not fulfill his duty without reason. Sanctions may include a reprimand, reprimand, or even dismissal. Employee who didn't pass mandatory inspection

, according to the Labor Code, is suspended from work.

Responsibility

The Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation provides for the liability of enterprises for signing an employment agreement with applicants without conducting a mandatory medical examination.

• This behavior will result in penalties:
• For officials - from 1 to 5 thousand rubles. For individual entrepreneurs – from 1 to 5 thousand rubles. or suspension up to 3 months.
• For organizations - from 30 to 50 thousand rubles. or suspension of activities for a similar period of individual entrepreneurs.

If the person who violated the law has already been subject to administrative sanctions, subsequent violations of a similar kind will be subject to disqualification for a period of one to three years.

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation established that an employment agreement can be terminated if a violation of the rules for its conclusion is detected. If it is not the employee’s fault, then before dismissal, he must be offered to fill one of the vacancies. Upon resigning, a citizen receives an amount equal to the monthly wages on this spot.

If an applicant for a position refuses to undergo a mandatory examination, the refusal to work will be lawful.

Expense accounting

The expenses that enterprises incur when organizing periodic examinations of their employees are provided for by law and are subject to special accounting.

These cash expenses:

• Subject to inclusion in the tax base for income tax.
• Cannot be subject to personal income tax.
• They do not entail payment of insurance amounts to the Pension Fund, Social Insurance Fund, and Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund.
• They are not taken into account when paying compulsory insurance premiums against accidents and accidents at the workplace.
• When forming the tax base, the amounts spent by the employer on the maintenance of treatment rooms and points used for mandatory medical examinations are also taken into account.

If we are talking about medical examinations that are not provided Russian law, then they are not taken into account when determining income tax.

Citizens who undertake to undergo a medical examination upon employment

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes groups of working citizens who are required to undergo examination when applying for a job:

• Persons engaged in harmful and dangerous work (including underground).
• Persons working on vehicles.
• Workers of food industry enterprises.
• Citizens working in the field of food and trade.
• Persons engaged in work related to water supply systems.
• Persons working in medical organizations.
• Citizens employed in children's organizations.
• Other persons working in certain areas.

Minor future employees must undergo a medical examination when hired for a vacant position. Persons who wish to lead in the regions of the Far North, when applying for a job, they must have a doctor’s certificate, which confirms their suitability for work and life in a given climate and area. Otherwise, the employer does not conclude a contract with them. Athletes must undergo mandatory examination upon employment.

Besides Labor Code, the obligation to undergo inspection is regulated by other laws. Judges, train drivers, employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and customs are subject to medical examination.

In regions of the country, local authorities may determine an additional group of citizens subject to mandatory medical examination. Childcare worker food enterprises and household organizations are required to have medical books where the results of all examinations by doctors are recorded.

Who pays for the medical examination?

Mandatory inspection is carried out at the expense of the employer. Even the examination of an applicant who is not ultimately hired for any reason is subject to payment by the enterprise.

If the examination is not necessary, but the employee himself wished to undergo it or did so at the insistence of the employer, then the employee pays for such examination himself.

To reimburse the amount of money spent by a citizen on mandatory medical examination, an application with attached receipts and documents is required.

Candidate's refusal to undergo a medical examination

If an applicant for a position refuses to undergo a medical examination, which is mandatory by law, an employment agreement cannot be concluded with him. If an employee refuses to undergo the annual mandatory examination, he is suspended from work.

Drawing up a document on the referral and as a result of the medical examination

To undergo an employment examination, the candidate receives a special referral from the employer. Its form is established by the enterprise, certified by the signature of the manager and the seal of the organization.

After visiting all the doctors indicated in the list of referrals and taking tests, the candidate for the position goes to a therapist, who makes the final conclusions and issues a medical report. For successful employment, it must contain information about professional suitability.

Mandatory examinations by doctors are a useful thing. If you want to work in a healthy team and not put yourself and others at risk, the need to get examined will not be scary.