The labor standardization system in healthcare institutions is established by the employer on the basis of standard labor standards. If there are no standard labor standards, the medical organization can independently develop such standards or contact specialists (clause 16 Methodological recommendations, approved by order of the Ministry of Labor dated September 30, 2017 No. 504).

In their recommendations, the experts presented step by step plan, how to conduct timekeeping in the clinic, we have prepared a regulation on timekeeping, a sheet of timekeeping observations, and other documents that can be downloaded and used in work.

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Methods for measuring working time costs

To measure the cost of working time, timekeeping, photography of working time and phototiming are used. This is necessary in order to determine labor standards and time standards.

Timing is carried out at the frequency prescribed in the collective agreement.

The methodology for timing working hours is contained in Order No. 235 of the Ministry of Labor dated May 31, 2013. When carrying out timekeeping, also refer to Order No. 504 of the Ministry of Labor dated September 30, 2013.

Presentation. Labor standards for outpatient doctors

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Algorithm of actions to carry out timing

1. Issue an order for labor standardization.
2. Select the employee you will supervise. Such a specialist must have work experience, highly qualified and have a good knowledge of the technology of the diagnostic and treatment process.
3. Collect all information and describe the work processes that need to be measured. Also determine the “point” of the beginning and end of the work process, the cyclical nature of the work. Such “points” are called fixing points.
4. Prepare timekeeping forms.
5. Warn the employee about the timing. The law does not establish certain period. We recommend doing this a week in advance. When timing, be sure to follow the diagnostic and treatment process. Eliminate all conversations with the employee.
6. Draw up a protocol in any form. If you are timing a doctor’s working hours, record all his work operations in relation to the patient, regardless of what disease it is associated with.
7. Based on the results of photographic observations, calculate the average time spent for each labor operation. Based on these data and the expert coefficient of repetition of labor operations, determine the estimated time for the labor process.

Example of a timing observation sheet

Chronocard

• Date of observation: December 1, 2016
• Start of observation: 9:00 a.m.
• End of observation: 18:00
• Purpose of observation: optimization of planning and organization of work of office workers
• Position: Clerk
• Structural unit: office
• Full name of the observed: Ivanova A.A.
• Education: secondary vocational
• Experience: 10 years

For proper planning labor regulations, calculating the daily workload and the optimal number of full-time employees to complete assigned tasks, enterprises must keep track of working hours. A sample of filling out a reporting form for a study is a document that is drawn up at each enterprise depending on the requirements of management.

Preparing measurements

In order to correctly calculate the progress of the production process in enterprises with a complex technological cycle, it is necessary to carry out constant planning of work activities. A well-chosen working time balance allows you to optimize the number of employees on staff and the wage fund. To strictly take into account all the parameters necessary when calculating the balance, working hours are timed.

To carry out timekeeping at the enterprise, an order is issued. The document defines the action plan, start and end dates, tasks and responsibilities of officials. The order signed by the manager is the basis for the start of timekeeping.

The timing process involves three operations

1. Preparation of accounting forms

   Various job responsibilities suggest different approach to the formation of a timing map. However, there is a common set of actions:

   • selecting a unit of measurement (days, hours, minutes, seconds);
   • definition of a timing object (workshop, workplace, separate operation).

   Timing involves recording the full set of employee actions when performing specific tasks within a given amount of time.

2. Data collection and analytics

   Selection of information on a task can be carried out in two ways: manually or using automated accounting tools. Which method to choose specific situation, depends on several factors:

   • amount of information;
   • technical equipment of the enterprise.

   At the stage of preparation for analysis, it is necessary to systematize the information obtained.

3. Processing information, preparing a report and conclusions based on the results of the timing

   The process of deciphering the received data in relation to each employee of the enterprise includes several ways to solve problems:

   • visual control of the effectiveness of actions;
   • comparison of factor and comparative analysis statistical calculations;
   • searching for a relationship between changes in enterprise performance indicators and the dynamics of the actions of individual employees.

Documenting timekeeping

In the resolution of the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation dated January 5, 2004 No. 1, there is no information about the approval of a unified reporting form based on the results of the timekeeping of working hours. Thus, the management of a business entity has the right to independently determine in what form and with what set of indicators to carry out timing. The main task is to use minimum costs time and money, obtain comprehensive information on the level of productivity and effectiveness of monitoring the work of employees.

A typical form for documenting results may include various data. Common to various documents is the presence of the following background information:

• date and time of the event;
• breakdown into periods (decades, days, hours);
• object of research (position, workplace);
• listing measurement parameters (operations);
• duration of timing.

Timing of employees engaged in different activities can be aimed at studying the time spent on various operations, for example:

• nurse – applying a bandage, giving an injection, physiotherapy;
• doctor – admitting a patient, performing an operation;
• driver – trips based on the received waybill;
• social worker – issuing pension benefits at home;
• cook - preparing one dish;
• turner - turning parts;
• assembly line worker– performing the operation in accordance with the assembly map.

Time is calculated in two indicators: absolute and relative. The last calculation involves determining the proportion of the actual duration of the operation to the established total operating time during the day.

Balance accounting

Based on the data obtained, the analysis and determination of the main coefficients showing the efficiency of using working time funds is carried out:

1. Calendar time utilization rate –

   Kkvf = Total number of hours worked/calendar time fund

2. Time-off time utilization rate –

   Ktvf = Total amount of time worked/time fund

3. Maximum time utilization factor –

   Kmvf = Total number of hours worked/maximum possible fund

The calculation of the fund in formulas is carried out in person-days.

In the process of planning tasks, it is necessary to mandatory take into account two factors directly related to working time.

Actual availability

It's about the amount three indicators when calculating the working time fund.

Tf = Tk + Tt + Tmax,

Where
Tk – calendar time;
Тт – time-off time;
Tmax is the maximum allowable time.

When calculating the third indicator, it is necessary to take into account possible absenteeism of employees and the time of permissible absence (for example, the absence of an employee due to temporary disability carried over to the next calendar period).

Efficiency of use

In 2019, it is permissible to use three methods for creating time regulations:

1. Actual.

   This method involves a full accounting of all available indicators of working time. For editing, we use the search and elimination of sources that reduce the overall efficiency of employees. Using the factual method, enterprise management can obtain complete and objective information about the prospects for increasing employee productivity.

2. Planned.

   The method is used when calculating the planned average output at a specific workplace. Records are kept for each employee separately.

3. Normative.

   The method is used if there are standards for all stages of the working day with the possibility of timing: preparation for starting work, completing tasks, lunch break, recording results.

Correctly carried out timing allows management to:

• determine the efficiency of the load map and reduce equipment downtime;
• calculate the impact and share of useful actions of each employee at a specific workplace;
• obtain data on the dynamics of operations at all stages of the production process;
• evaluate the effectiveness of business decisions regarding individual projects.

To carry out timekeeping, an accountant and an economist must be involved. Timing of working hours and conducting a comprehensive analysis of the efficiency of the enterprise is the basis for management’s conclusions about the advisability of a particular employee staying in his position.

Correctly monitor and take into account work time Timekeeping helps. An example of the use of these records can be found in almost every factory or enterprise where it is necessary to standardize the working day. Measuring time using timing is a way to study the time spent on performing any action. In this case, measurements imply a description technological process, working conditions, production methods.

The measurements will help you record your working hours.

Timing as a method of studying working time depends on the conditions under which it is carried out and the purposes for which it is done. For example, the requirements for timekeeping, with the help of which wages and the price of services will be calculated, differ from those that must be observed when drawing up timekeeping to determine the level of staff workload.

Correctly measuring the time spent on work helps to create the correct schedule for recording working hours, as well as bring the unused capacity of both manpower and used equipment to full load.

Who should do the standardization and measurements?

This is usually done by professional standards adjusters who are trained at enterprises. A well-trained and experienced standard setter is an indispensable employee who helps management control staff working hours, as well as correctly distribute the workload.

Where is the best place to start?

First, determine your timing goal. For example, you need it to draw up a schedule for recording the working hours of an employee whose remuneration does not depend on output, but is simply done on an hourly basis

Remember that such personnel are not interested in working faster. There is no incentive to work more efficiently, since the level of wages does not directly depend on this. Therefore, the performance of such employees will depend on the quality of the timekeeping produced.

If we talk about large enterprises, then work orders are made for the working personnel, which indicate a list of work that the employee must perform. Study it carefully, see what will be implemented. If you have no understanding about any type of work, you need to find such a workflow. Basically, every enterprise has either a technical department or a production department that deals with this. You can contact them with a request to draw up a technological map, as well as consult on the work that will be performed.

Once you have decided on the list of works and the order in which they will be performed, you need to create a description of the work processes that will be measured. Draw up the criteria that you need to focus on when taking measurements: determine the starting point of the process and the point at which the process will end, the use of working time, the cyclical nature of work, as well as other nuances.

After collecting all the necessary theoretical information, start taking measurements. You will need pre-prepared timing forms, or you can keep notes in draft form (this can be more convenient for making comments on the entries).

The standardization commission should observe

More than one person needs to record working hours - examples of such recording will not be completely objective, since an employee, without additional control, can delay the work process. It is recommended to measure time with the participation of representatives of technical management ( production department). They will monitor the correctness and sequence of work. It is also recommended to invite representatives of the management of the service whose employee’s use of working time is measured. Believe me, when he sees such a commission, he will immediately work much more productively, and he will be less tempted to try to outsmart you.

You need to be careful when taking measurements. There are works that are carried out in a cycle. And there are also those that are performed only once. In work that is done in a cycle (for example, cutting pipes), not all work can be taken into account for each such cycle. Preparing the workplace, setting up the machine and other equipment, installing cutters - after measurements, all this work will need to be evenly divided into each part that was produced.

Workflow cycles

Then you need to fill out the measurement form correctly. In order to do this, you can use the sample below for filling out the working hours. It is not difficult to compile it if you understand the basic principles of measurements. In this case, the process should be divided into periods of working time: operational, preparatory and final stages for maintenance, and it is also worth taking into account time for rest and personal needs.

Operational work time is the period of time required by the worker to complete the assigned tasks. This point takes into account the period of time that would have been required for the worker if he had not left the workplace, had not been distracted, and all the equipment had been in one place and already in working mode.

The time spent servicing the production process consists of the time spent on auxiliary work that is necessary to ensure that the production process does not stop. For example, replace equipment that has worn out, change a damaged drill, replace engine oil, and the like.

The preparatory and final stage includes preparatory operations, setting up instruments and other work to prepare the workplace. The sample below for filling out the working hours will help you correctly write down all the values.

After spending detailed analysis measurements records, you will find work that is not included in technological map workflow. Also, they cannot be classified as listed

Anything that is not relevant to the work process must be excluded. Basically these are moments such as: conversations mobile phone, performing related work, fulfilling urgent instructions from management and other actions not related to the performance of the work being measured.

How to fill out the form correctly?

In order to display measurements grammatically, it is necessary to record the working time. The form and an example of how to fill it out are given below.

As the example of filling in the working hours shows, the type of pipe cutting work was measured. Three measurements were taken on one day. Since they were produced in a row, the worker did not spend time on each part to receive an order from the foreman, go to the warehouse for pipes, prepare the workplace, etc. Therefore, the time spent on the first part for these types of work is divided into the remaining two measurements

It is necessary to display the average value in man-hours

After the measurements are taken, the average value is displayed. According to the data shown in this example of filling in the working hours, the average duration of such work is 220 seconds. If you convert it into hours, you get 0.061 people/hour.

You can use this data when drawing up a workday schedule. For example, if you want to load an employee 100% with this work, then you can calculate how many pipes he should cut. If we take into account that the working day consists of eight hours, then:

8: 0.061 = 131.15 pcs.

It turns out that the worker must cut pipes about 131 times.

Consider all factors when performing work

This is a straightforward calculation and approach to measuring working time. But when planning for an employee, there are other factors to consider. A person simply physically cannot, like a robot, stand at a machine 8 hours a day. He will be absent for personal needs, to rest, which may distort the timing of working hours. An example is the following: for complex work at the machine, you need at least 5 minutes of rest after every hour of work.

The skill of a particular employee also plays a significant role. It is necessary to take measurements from several workers in order to determine the real one. You cannot rely on the results of one “experimental” person. If we talk about mechanics, turners, repairmen, then the following pattern is often observed: the higher the rank, the faster they complete the work. The experience of the employee also plays an important role.

Other temporary losses

There are different types of lost working time. For example, a mechanic can cut records, and someone from another service will come to him and ask for some tools or to help him complete some task. urgent work which cannot be postponed.

Usually such losses are difficult to describe. It is best to derive the loss coefficient and multiply it by the time standard, thereby giving employees the opportunity to take a breath while working.

For example, at enterprises that produce parts in workshops, standardizers allow 8-10% loss of time when standardizing the working day and take them into account in the schedule.

It is also recommended that you read all the footnotes in the already approved documents before filling out the final timesheet. standard standards time - usually it describes the nuances that need to be taken into account, and describes the specifics of rationing specific work.

Working time timing is a technology for studying various time expenditures by measuring and recording the duration of actions to be performed.

What is he?

Timing includes description working system, and in particular production technology, working conditions and methods, and also determines the relative quantity, degree of effectiveness, influence parameters and actual time for various stages of the work process. The actual time is then directly estimated in order to determine the required time to complete the various process steps, and this represents main goal, which carries with it the timing of working hours.

Together with other methods of studying the work process, timing depends quite strongly not only on the type of work tasks being studied, but also directly on the purpose of the study. Thus, for example, if the planned time, which determined the timing of working hours, should be used in the current wage system to accurately determine wages, then in this case The timing requirements will be different from situations where time data is determined in order to calculate the utilization level of facilities available for production. In addition, it is quite important to keep track of the frequency of use of the information received.

Other options

Other timing options already depend on other conditions:

• Working time timing determines the time for a specific person.
• The time that is determined as a result of the timing is used for further management, including control and accurate calculation of employee salaries.
• Timing must be carefully planned in such a way as to ensure that its results can be used for detailed calculation of planned time.

At the same time, the timing of working hours, a sample of which can be seen in modern companies, provides for careful recording of the results of the observation. To do this, the person who is responsible for collecting information has a specialized device for measuring time, as well as corresponding sheets.

Things to consider

The protocol that includes the timing of working hours (a sample of this document or any other format) must be reproducible. The various accompanying circumstances under which the measured values ​​were obtained must also be taken into account as parameters for the influence of time values. If the person who is responsible for recording information receives an order to record working hours, then he should be able, using such data, to create a completely new working system that can deliver comparable results comparable to those recorded in the one already used working system. If this condition is ultimately completed, the timekeeping methods used can be said to be reproducible. This is enough important point, which needs to be taken into account.

These requirements are important primarily in order to answer the basic questions that include the timing of working hours. An example of such questions:

• What operating system conditions need to be taken into account?
• How detailed should the various steps of the process be described?
• How much time can be devoted to each individual stage of the process?

Why is this necessary?

When determining the purpose of use in parallel with the capabilities mentioned above, you should first determine whether the selected timing system will be evaluated to determine the target time values. In addition, in most cases, the timing of working time, an example of which can be observed in modern companies, makes sense only if the process under study is organized in such a way that in the future it will already occur under the same production option, labor technology and the same conditions .

When carrying out timing, it is necessary to carry out various instructions and, in particular, inform the relevant persons. After this, before recording working hours nurse or any other employee, you will need to decide how exactly time will be measured, as well as what tools will be used. In the vast majority of cases, these issues are freely resolved in advance. At this stage, it is quite important to prepare a time sheet, including carefully filling out its front side. When working in series back side Various stages of production can already be added, for which time values ​​are determined.

Requirements and rules

Regardless of whether the working hours of a nurse, an accountant or any other employee are being monitored, a certain number of requirements and rules must be taken into account:

How is this done?

Each individual stage of the measurement procedure begins with a certain initial event and ends with a final event. The latter represents, accordingly, the initial event of the next. In this case, the initial event of each individual stage of the process must be specified by the beginning of the first element, and the final event is determined, therefore, by the end of the last element. The final action of a process stage is perceived as the moment of time measurement. An exception to this rule is the beginning of the timing, which coincides with the initial action of the first stage.

If earlier, when the working hours of an accountant or representatives of other professions were timed, all results were both read and entered into the appropriate sheet exclusively manually, today specialized electronic devices are used for the same purposes to measure time.

What could such devices be?

There are several types of devices:

• Instruments that are used to carefully measure the time of the studied stages of the process directly during the observation period.
• Image storage devices, with the help of which the work process is recorded as a film, and therefore it can then be processed and the exact time determined.

It is worth noting the fact that, regardless of the type of device, it must fully comply with the following criteria:

• High-quality ergonomics of the design, that is, acceptable weight, body, size and interface.
• The device must ensure that the observer concentrates on his main task - monitoring work processes.
• With help of this device must be achieved acceptable level measurement accuracy, and turning it on or off should not affect the accuracy.

Technical requirements

Among other things, to ensure the work electronic devices It is necessary to ensure compliance with the following technical requirements:

• The device must be capable of operating in hundredths of minutes mode.
• The volume of the installed storage device, as well as the power source of the device, must provide the ability to continuously carry out measurements for at least one shift.
• The device must have a warning function in case of lack of energy. If there is an interruption in operation due to a lack of energy in the device, then the data that has already been received during its operation should not be lost.
• The device must be installed and used in those workplaces that are characterized by harmful conditions labor, including oily surfaces, humidity, dust, temperature changes and much more.

The capabilities of the device you purchase must fully comply production costs, as well as supply costs. Among other things, it is advisable to have functions in the device for conducting multi-instant observations and, if necessary, analyzing specified time values ​​when using these systems.

What should I use?

The most common today are specialized electronic time measurement systems. In this case, measurement, recording, as well as a thorough evaluation of time data are carried out using electronic systems, which makes it possible to:

• Maximum accurate ordering of data, as well as efficiency by process stages.
• Completely independent storage and further preparation of this information during the assessment process, as well as at its completion.
• A quick interim assessment is sufficient, as well as graphical representation the most important results in the measurement process.
• The fastest possible assessment of the received data in accordance with predetermined criteria, while eliminating the possibility of any errors.
• Further support in the process of development of the planned time system.

At the same time, almost any timing of working hours (filling sample) provides support for a distributed time timing system during group work, and also supports the multi-moment observation function.

Taking measurements

There are two main timekeeping technologies - unit or progressive time.

Progressive time represents the time from the beginning of the timing procedure to the final event of a certain stage of the process. If we are talking about a single measurement, then at each individual measurement point a completely new time count begins, as a result of which the individual stages of the process are measured one at a time.

The structure, as well as the subsequent recording of information in forms, directly depends on the order of the measured stages of the process, which are divided into several categories:

• Processes without cyclical repetition. They are standard for single production, and are often used in conditions individual labor. The division of the entire work process, a detailed description of its individual stages, the determination of measurement points, as well as registration of records regarding the quantity and parameters of influence are carried out directly in the timing process.
• Processes with cyclic queue. After a unit of product goes through absolutely all stages, the same process is repeated again in relation to the next unit. In this case, the separation and determination of the various measurement moments is carried out before the timing begins.
• Sequential order. Single values ​​of time are measured, and measurements are initially carried out for all units of products at each stage of the process, and only after that it will be possible to proceed to the next stage.
• Alternating order. This technology involves combining the indicated sequences of stages. This may occur regularly after a number of cycles, or it may occur in an irregular manner.

Depending on the type of work, as well as the features that the timing of working hours has (see sample filling above), a specific technology is selected.

Timing of working hours - observation of a working person during a planned time and a certain operation with recording on a special form.

Working time measurements are carried out by trained specialists: for manual measurement - a standardizer using a chronometer device; with automatic – built-in programs.

Timekeeping is carried out by solving specific goals: is it calculated correctly? wage employee; for further calculation of the price of services; identifying the deadline for placing an emergency order.

What is working time tracking?

Accurate measurement of working time makes it possible to determine the time required to complete the work and to draw up a schedule for distributing tasks to a specific person until his full workload. Using working time tracking, you can measure employment not only work force, but also equipment, computer.

Timekeeping is a continuous action, that is, continuous observation. To determine the reason that prevents you from achieving a certain result, timing will become your efficiency tool.

You can carry out individual timing of working hours on yourself. Example, you have a goal, motivation, you are limited in time, perform actions to achieve your goal.

Timing of working time is an increase in personal productivity, the effectiveness of a person who consciously performs work without wasting time. At the same time, great labor success and career growth are achieved.

Managers of various projects constantly use working time tracking in their work. Freelancers and outsourcers work on an hourly basis and according to the same system.

Example of working hours

Let's consider, as an example, the work of a copywriter on the article “Time Management” for the rubric Personal growth, received work from a regular customer.

1. Selection of articles in a search engine by keywords; - 30 minutes.
2. Time to read the article; - 20 minutes.
3. Time to write a new article; -2 hour 25 minutes.
4. Editing, dividing the article into subheadings; -15 minutes
5. Uniqueness check; - 5 minutes.
6. Editing the article, if required; -15 minutes.
7. Transferring the article to the customer.

Adds up the time spent writing an article:
30 min. +20 min. + 2h.35 min. +15 min.+ 5 min. + 15 min = 4 hours.

Net working time is 4 hours. During this period, the copywriter took technical breaks: 2 times for 15 minutes, which are required when working on a computer. The final preparatory time was spent - 15 minutes: wiping the desktop, computer screen, turning it on and off, plus moments not taken into account. Let's say everything took 1 hour. In total, we spent 5 hours, and could have spent more time if we didn’t limit ourselves in time.

How to make a working time clock

• We select an employee with “average” labor productivity. We warn him about the ongoing timing of working hours: day, time. Do not forget about the employee’s internal state, his psychological data. As a rule, novices and experienced workers are not subject to timekeeping.
• We outline a list of operations that are subject to measurement. Examples: time to prepare an accountant's quarterly report; drawing up a commercial proposal.
• We determine the time of timing, the number of repetitions - measurements. Example: number of emails sent to clients per hour, per 4 hours.
• Registration of timekeeping on special forms. Typically, such forms are signed by the employee performing the work, the standard setter, the manager and are stored in the archives of the company or enterprise.

Timing of working hours must be done periodically: to encourage the best workers; improved performance indicators; stimulating employees to work; to reduce inflated standards during rationing

How to keep track of working hours

There are rules and requirements that must be met when timing working hours:

1. The observer must choose a place with a large view of the performer, without interfering with him in the process of work.
2. Eliminate all conversations with him, as well as conversations with strangers;
3. The frequency of timing is carried out in compliance with the terms of the “collective” agreement of the enterprise or company, notifying management about the time of the event.
4. Comply with safety requirements when timing working hours.
5. Warn the employee in a timely manner about the timekeeping.
6. The observer must be qualified: possess timing methods, and not push the performer while working.
7. The completed working time recording form should not have any corrections.

How to keep track of working hours example

Currently, most companies, organizations and their employees carry out labor activity at computer. Using special programs, it is possible to monitor the work of subordinates.

1. The recording accuracy of the Yaware.TimeTracker service is up to 1 minute for one week, around the clock. Works in the background, without interfering with the employee’s main work. The employee's working time is kept track of.
2. Using the OfficeMETRICS program, employees are identified who hang out on forums and social networks during working hours.
3. A biometric system called BioTime has high speed, takes into account working hours and access control.
4. The Timesheet program has a user-friendly interface, no training required. The timesheet is filled out in a few minutes. Saved for a long time in computer.

Timing of working time is the identification of a reserve of personal time, due to which labor productivity can be increased.