We have already written about what the world may expect in the next 10-15 years, when self-driving cars become a reality, 3-D printing develops and the cost of solar energy production decreases. And that all this will lead to the fact that 70-80% of current jobs will disappear in the next 20 years.

Of course, these are only forecasts, but they are supported by very real historical examples. Here are just a few professions that were very popular in the last century and disappeared without a trace thanks to the triumph of the industrial revolution.

Disappeared professions of the last century

1. Coachman

“The horse was, is and will be, but the automobile is just a fashionable fad,” - so in 1903 the president of the Michigan Savings Bank tried to dissuade lawyer Horace Rackham from investing in Henry Ford's enterprise.

Then the overwhelming majority of the population agreed with him, and certainly the coachmen themselves refused to believe that their profession could disappear almost overnight due to the spread of cars, and later public transport.

Along with coachmen, coachmen also disappeared - this profession has flourished in Russia since the 17th century. The coachmen were on public service, lived in special “Yamsk” settlements and received cash and gunpowder salaries from the treasury. They delivered mail, government cargo, transported officials and generally played an important role in the country's economy before the spread of railway transport.

2. Wheelman

Wheelwrights, the craftsmen who made wheels, carts and carriages, and also repaired the ones that had become a thing of the past, also found themselves out of work. Vehicle. Now only surnames and village names remind of this profession.

3. Telephone operator

The invention of automatic telephone exchanges first threatened and then completely destroyed the profession of telephone operators.

Representatives of this profession were mainly girls. Telephone operators sat at a special board, switching and connecting telephone lines together. The work was quite nerve-wracking - according to the standards, only eight seconds were allotted for a manual connection, the call could be interrupted. Telephone operators worked manually until the 1980s - this system continued to be used for international calls.

4. Ice Maker

The refrigerator, which appeared in the 40s of the twentieth century, caused the disappearance of another interesting profession - ice harvester.

It is now impossible to imagine life without a refrigerator, but less than a century ago food was stored in special cabinets with ice - glaciers (it’s scary to even imagine how people survived in the summer). The harvesters cut blocks of ice from frozen lakes and rivers and delivered them to homes.

5. Alarm Clock Man

The profession of an alarm clock man (in English he was called a knocker-up, which would be more correctly translated as “a person who wakes up by knocking”) existed in England and Ireland during the Industrial Revolution. The job of the "wake-up snitches" was to wake up workers before their shifts. In order to reach the windows of the second floors, they used long and light bamboo sticks. “Alarm clock workers” earned a few pence a week and this part-time job was great for women and older people who could not work in the factory. The profession went down in history only in the 20s of the last century.

6. Reader at the Factory

Another interesting product of the Industrial Revolution is the reader or lecturer, as he was sometimes called. This is not about education or scientific reports in lecture halls. The readers entertained the workers during the production process, since work in factories was very dull and monotonous. Readers were often hired by the workers themselves, raising money to pay for their labor on their own. Typically, newspapers or entertaining texts were read to workers, but at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, agitators began to actively use readers - instead of newspapers, left-wing political manifestos appeared in the hands of lecturers. Of course, factory owners did not like this, and in the 1920s, readers were replaced by radio in most countries.

But on Liberty Island, readers still exist. Last year, Cubans officially celebrated the 150th anniversary of the profession of “tobacco factory reader,” which is believed to have originated on December 21, 1865. Due to round date The Cuban government even approached UNESCO with a proposal to add this profession to the List of World Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Currently, more than 300 people work as professional readers in tobacco factories in Cuba - all of them are government employees. They devote only 90 minutes a day to reading texts, and devote the rest of the working day to preparing materials for the next reading and discussing what they read with workers.

7. Calculator

Before the invention of the computer, there was a profession called a computer. Calculators performed long and tedious calculations by hand and worked in teams. Each team member did his part of the work, so the team worked in parallel.

The work of computer scientists on the “Manhattan Project” (the code name for the US program to develop nuclear weapons) was very important during World War II. It was performed by six female computer scientists. After the end of the war, computer scientists worked at NASA on projects related to flight. Later, the need for this profession disappeared due to the development of computers.

8. Typist

Another popular female profession that has become a thing of the past with the advent of computers is typist, that is, typist of texts on typewriter. Of course, the specialty “computer typist” has appeared, but the popularity of these professions is incomparable - the copying function has changed the world of text creators.

And since the conversation turned to information carriers, why not remember another profession that has sunk into oblivion - the scribe, which disappeared with the advent of printing. The scribe professionally copied books and documents by hand. Historically, scribes conducted the affairs of large landowners, kings, kept chronicles at temples and cities, and also copied various significant texts, including chronicles and sacred scriptures.

9. Lamplighter

Before the invention of electric lanterns, large cities were illuminated using candle or gas lanterns, which were lit by lamplighters. To climb onto the lantern, they used long ladders and lit it with matches or oil lamps. Their functions included: lighting and extinguishing lanterns, filling tanks with flammable liquids and repairing lanterns.

The profession partially disappeared with the advent of gas lamps, which were automatically lit at a certain time, without human intervention. The advent of electricity finally put an end to it, but completely new professions appeared - network engineers and electricians.

10. Radar Man

It's hard to imagine, but before radar was invented, radar functions were performed manually by human radar men, using acoustic mirrors and listening devices to detect the sound of approaching aircraft's engines. In the first half of the last century, the profession was considered to be in great demand. But they had one significant drawback: they picked up the frequencies of aircraft flying at low speed, and also could not distinguish a military vehicle from a civilian one.

11. Barge haulers

The advent of steamships contributed to the disappearance of the profession of barge haulers. Barge haulers were the name given to hired workers in Russia in the 16th and early 20th centuries, who, walking along the shore, pulled river boats against the current with the help of a tow. The work was seasonal: boats were pulled in spring and autumn. The work of barge haulers was very hard and monotonous. The speed of movement depended on the strength of the wind.

IN Russian Empire"capital of barge haulers" with early XIX centuries the city was called Rybinsk. During the summer navigation, a quarter of all Russian barge haulers passed through it.

12. Rafter

It was not easy for the timber raftsmen either, because they performed the functions of the current trucks that collect logs and deliver them for processing. Previously, the process of transporting timber looked like this: in winter, felled trees were piled on the frozen surface of the river, in spring the ice melted and the logs began to float downstream. Strong and strong men walked along the shore with long sticks, guiding the logs and removing various obstacles from their path. The profession disappeared at the beginning of the 20th century, with the spread railway and the advent of portable sawmills.

13. Water carrier and water carrier

Before the advent of centralized water supply, water was delivered to homes by water carriers. They collected water from the source, poured it into containers and transported it or carried it home.

The invention of plumbing did not immediately destroy this profession. In St. Petersburg in the middle of the 19th century, there were 37 water pumps; From them water carriers carried water in buckets throughout the city. Because without water, as you know, “it’s neither here nor there.” Only in the 20th century did this profession finally disappear in Europe.

So

Should we be afraid of the coming total unemployment? For some reason we think not.

Judge for yourself. The eight-hour working day was introduced in the 19th century, during the industrial revolution in England - before that, factory workers worked 14-16 hours a day. More than 100 years have passed, technology has developed and workers in all industries have acquired the ability to produce a much larger volume of work in a short period of time. It would be logical to expect that this would lead to a shorter workday. And the invention of the computer should have already left half the planet unemployed.

But this has not happened yet - there is more and more work, or rather “busyness”, and less and less time. This means that some other mechanisms are at work here - “universal employment” is beneficial to everyone. But that's a completely different conversation.

The world does not stand still. The emergence of various technologies, the development of institutions market economy, the general increase in people’s living standards leads to the emergence of fundamentally new areas of activity.

In a separate article, we have already talked in detail about modern ones. This page talks about other original activities that can generate income.

In order not to get confused in the abundance of professions, we will divide them into groups, albeit somewhat arbitrary ones. Next to each position title we will indicate the nature of the main responsibilities corresponding to it.

Business and trade

• auditor - evaluates financial efficiency companies, determines the level of risk when introducing innovations and implementing large projects;
• buyer - acquires designer collections for luxury stores and boutiques, significantly influences the formation of current fashion trends (subtype - media buyer, purchases advertising spaces in the media);
• brand manager - responsible for successful promotion the company's trademark;
• PR specialist - public relations specialist;
• coach - a guru who trains staff in methods of high-performance work, participating in the formation of corporate culture;
• neon designer - a specialist in the technical part of creating outdoor advertising;
• promoter - conducts promotions, distributes advertising materials;
• fundraiser - looks for resources to implement projects;
• recruiter - recruits and selects personnel for various companies;
• receptionist - makes initial contact with the client at the entrance (as well as by phone);
• stand operator - promotes products at various exhibitions;
• supervisor - supervises the activities of sales representatives.

Healthcare, cosmetology, self-development

• image maker - shapes individual style client;
• valveologist - advises on issues healthy image life;
• life coach - a mentor who “teaches how to live” individual clients or groups of interested people;
• pastizher - makes custom wigs and hairpieces;
• cosmetologist - carries out procedures prescribed by a cosmetologist.

Creativity, entertainment

• animator - conducts children's parties;
• toastmaster - entertains adults at holidays;
• decorator - decorates premises for celebrations or ceremonies;
• impresario - organizes spectacular performances.

It is often said that the new is the well-forgotten old. Nowadays, many long-forgotten professions have been resurrected from oblivion. In particular, this applies to specialties that are aimed at serving wealthy individuals.

The newest work is, in some way, carried out by governesses (including bearers foreign language), butlers, personal drivers. The professions of bookmaker (recorder of bets on horse races, races, sports games) and traveling salesman (traveling agent for the sale of goods) should also be considered among the revived professions.

Not only the crisis and inflation put into place the changes taking place in the labor market, but also the objective course of progress. According to the Australian Economic Development Committee, up to 40% of professions will disappear in 15 years. In the West, a variety of job positions are expected to disappear. How is the situation in Russia?

1. Secretary

Secretary functions are already being successfully replaced by organizational programs, intelligent online calendars and applications that send reminders on a specified date. System development electronic document management and digital signatures also help reduce the need for a number of specialists.

“We studied the change in the structure of the job market in the period 2014-2016 and analyzed 29 professional areas. Thus, in the field of administrative personnel, office work, secretaries and call center employees are stagnating. The lowest demand is for archivists - 56%, evening secretaries - 52%, the demand for secretaries and administrators has fallen by 41%,” comments CourseBurg Russia specialist Alexandra Pashkova.

“Some managers have long abandoned the services of personal assistants. While working in a large retail company At first I was surprised that all top managers had one secretary per floor. But then it became clear that general secretary can solve those issues that require personal participation and ingenuity. At the same time, all top managers made appointments themselves by mail, provided that this did not require coordination of calendars for a long time. A virtual automated assistant is useful for coordinating calendars taking into account workload and shifts. In the future of the profession personal assistant and secretary will be filled with other content or combined with the work of a business analyst, project coordinator, content manager, researcher. This is already being observed, but not all secretaries are aware of this, and some are resisting the emergence of new responsibilities. Although this is exactly what you shouldn’t do,” agrees Anna Burova, head of the HR consulting department at the HR company ManpowerGroup Russia&CIS.

2. Forecaster

Weather forecast online, without human intervention, is already a reality. It is possible that we will soon know about the profession of a weather forecaster only from news releases, where at the end of the program weather reports for the coming days in different parts of the country are elegantly read out - again, prepared by special programs.

“According to the latest Yandex research, it is quite possible that weather forecasters may disappear in Russia in the coming years, since the neural network is already making weather forecasts more accurately than people,” comments Lighthouse Estate co-founder Ivan Mayak.

There will also be fewer HR specialists operating within the framework of traditional ideas about the profession, market experts believe. Search, assessment and hiring of personnel are outdated qualifications for the labor market, but are successfully automated by special programs.

“On the one hand, HR people do not agree with the idea that their profession will disappear, at the same time they enthusiastically talk about how they have automated the processes of selection, assessment and even personnel development. Automation is not done for the convenience of HR, it is done to save resources. Therefore, if HR in a company does not make it difficult for itself to find “human” work - mentoring, training, discussion, conversations, and other types of communication that require personal involvement, then HR risks being left without a job sooner or later,” Anna Burova is sure.

4. Copywriter

Programs connected to databases generate texts adapted to users of websites and online stores - a given volume, uniqueness, content and even style. Of course, their level of text processing is still far from perfect, but a revolution in the world of letters and numbers, according to experts, is just around the corner.

“With the development of the Internet, a boom in copywriting began in the world. Almost every company creates a website to promote goods and services, which must be filled with unique content and updated regularly. Meanwhile, today there are computer programs, connected to huge databases with articles of various genres, which are capable of automatically generating text according to specified parameters. Of course, materials created by robots are unlikely to fall into the category of literary masterpieces, but they will be able to compose a text of average quality on a given topic,” says Svetlana Beloded, head of the HR department at QBF.

5. Tourism specialists: visa processing, guides, tour guides

The tourism industry is literally experiencing shocks right now. More and more people are turning to the Internet, where they can book tickets and hotels, process visa documents, and pay for selected services. It is a reality that travel agents will remain in the elite segment, where an individual approach, a unique route and the issue of free time to prepare for the trip are important.

Video tours appear on museum websites, and there are many interactive maps of any city online and in apps, equipped with online tours of attractions, museums, and other iconic places.

“People began to travel independently, consulates switched to electronic forms and document flow in particular, so the need for visa processing specialists decreased by 67%, the need for guides and tour guides decreased by 60%, 53% for the purchase of air tickets, 50–52% - tourism business management and organization of tourism products. And the further you go, the easier it will be to organize trips yourself, without resorting to the help of travel agencies and buying vouchers. The need for specialists will decrease with the development of automated services,” emphasizes Alexandra Pashkova.

“According to Skolkovo experts, by 2020 the number of tour guides will be significantly reduced. They will be replaced by audio guides. A clear voice recording will tell you about each museum exhibit, repeating the necessary facts if necessary, and the musical accompaniment will help you immerse yourself in a unique atmosphere. In addition, informational lectures can be easily recorded in different languages, thereby making domestic museums more accessible to people of all nationalities. Audio guides have their drawbacks: communication with a person is more pleasant than contact with headphones. Therefore, guides will not disappear completely, but they will no longer be invited to groups determined to get acquainted with the main masterpieces of the Hermitage in an hour,” continues Svetlana Beloded.

While in Russia there is a flourishing of ateliers that sew clothes according to individual measurements and competitive prices, the need for internal workers There may be a significant reduction in the number of such workshops. But technology will go much further: 3D printing will eventually make it possible to produce clothes and shoes according to given parameters at home.

“The fashion industry is facing significant changes in the foreseeable future. In the next 10–15 years, garment factories and clothing stores may become a thing of the past. To purchase clothes, all you need to do is go to the website of your favorite brand, download a cartridge with the necessary material and a 3D drawing of the suit or dress you like. The pattern recipe in the automated atelier can be loaded into a special terminal and you can request your size. Similar developments already exist: designer Hong Chang has created a collection of shoes for printing, and Iris Van Erpen is actively using 3D printing in her work on new products. Putting such projects on stream is a matter of time. Sewing studios, unlike the factories we are used to, may remain, but they will work only with very wealthy clients,” comments Svetlana Beloded.

7. Insurance agent

The development of technology and online services also has an impact on the insurance market. The demand for a number of specialists has noticeably decreased.

“The demand for expert appraisers in the insurance industry decreased by 61%, real estate insurance by 54%, and liability insurance by 52%. Previously, there were many insurance agents, but now insurance problems are solved via the Internet,” comments Alexandra Pashkova.

8. Diagnostician

And this profession is being replaced by technology. The production of microdiagnostic devices that measure individual human indicators at any convenient time, in any conditions, is rapidly developing. The obtained data, if necessary, is transferred to a specific doctor online.

“The equipment that makes it possible to diagnose various diseases is becoming more and more complex and sophisticated, therefore, the army of doctors serving it is growing. If in 2000, according to Rosstat, there were 86.7 radiologists per 10,000 thousand people, then in 2014 there were already 93.3. However, the specialization of a diagnostician will soon become obsolete. This is due to the development of microdiagnostic devices. It is assumed that they will appear in every home, just as blood pressure monitors appeared for hypertensive patients and glucometers for people with diabetes mellitus. Patients will be able to independently diagnose and send device data to their doctors in real time via the Internet, and specialists will only have to select a treatment regimen based on them,” emphasizes Svetlana Beloded.

9. Working specialties: packer, elevator operator, loader

In matters of resource extraction, as well as the movement of bulk cargo, machines have long surpassed people. The same applies to all routine processes. In production, the need for loaders and packers will completely disappear in the very near future.

“Among blue-collar occupations, the demand for production operators fell by 46%, for packers and elevator operators by 45%, and for loaders by 36%. These specialties are being replaced by machines,” comments Alexandra Pashkova.

10. Watchman, security guard

Professions related to maintaining order are also becoming a thing of the past. Development of video surveillance technologies, access systems through electronic keys, intercoms and fingerprint or retinal scanning are especially fast. In fact, even now the task of security guards is reduced to formal recording of events, which can be successfully performed by any video camera or electronic system, programmed to ensure safety.

“Watchman is one of the most popular jobs for retirees. People who issue keys and keep order day and night used to be in almost every establishment. In the early 2000s, they were replaced by professional security guards, and at the dawn of the 2020s, the remaining guards may be forced out automated systems. Already now, to ensure security, doors that can be locked with magnetic keys and systems capable of recognizing the retina and fingerprints are increasingly being used. They can distinguish company employees from strangers, register the time of arrival and departure of each employee, therefore, automated systems organically combine the security function with the control function,” confirms Svetlana Beloded.

Of course, the list of possible candidates for extinction is not exhausted by these 10 professions. According to various estimates, cashiers, accountants, realtors, bank employees and even teachers are at risk. If your profession falls into the possible “candidates for departure”, you should start preparing for changes in life in advance: form competitive advantages, retrain or focus on the elite segment.

“Disappearing professions arise where modern ones, first of all, information Technology create the opportunity to perform operations and work in general without the participation of human resources, or radically changing the functionality of the employee. Introduction of advanced management technologies can lead to the disappearance of a middle manager,” sums up the professor at the Higher School corporate governance RANEPA Elena Yakhontova.

Choosing a profession is a question that everyone faces. From early childhood, a person tries to understand what place he will occupy in adulthood. Some sincerely believed in a career as a firefighter, some wanted to become a ballet actor, and some dreamed of selling sweets to children. Unfortunately or fortunately, not all children's wishes come true. With age comes understanding: ideal profession- this is not only a favorite, but also a sought-after business. Today's schoolchildren and applicants must anticipate changes in the labor market. In this regard, you should understand the list of in-demand professions in 2020-2025. It must be capacious and justified - then it will be possible to take advantage of freedom of choice.

What was relevant before

The first professions appeared even before the emergence of civilization. Then among the ancient people it had a clear, specific character. The man's task was to ensure the safety of the "home", women and children. He also had to provide the tribe with food. Women raised children and made sure that the fire in the family hearth always warmed the household. The redistribution of responsibilities appeared when humanity began to change its usual way of life. Nomadic tribes became sedentary, development began Agriculture. A profession such as tillage appeared.

The hard physical labor with which people cultivated the land pushed society to invent more convenient devices. A craft appeared. Over time, the specialties of potters and blacksmiths arose - these were professions associated with the future. Dynasties of masters constantly improved their skills, which triggered progress. Ultimately, this led to what are now about forty thousand different professions.

The emergence of narrow specialization

Already in the twentieth century, an urgent need arose for the division of labor. If previously “jacks of all trades” were irreplaceable and in great demand, then in conditions of an overloaded labor market and a constant increase in demand for goods, narrow specialists were needed. The first to understand this was Henry Ford, who divided car production into conventional workshops. Each of them produced a separate part of the general mechanism. People worked where they were more successful. The result was an increase in output finished products several times. Ford's example was followed by other major manufacturers, and now every enterprise uses the assembly line method.

How was the progress

In industrial Russia throughout the twentieth century, traditional factory workers were popular; they received good salaries, and young people, wanting to be useful, gladly went to work for large enterprises. However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, many factories lost their stability. Started new era in the labor market - the development of the service sector. Construction developed no less actively - large cities were built up with high-rise buildings. Thus, at the beginning of the 2000s, new promising professions became the professions of builder, mason, plasterer, as well as managers, waiters, specialists in the field of restaurant and tourism business and other service workers.

In 2007, society increasingly wondered what professions would be in demand in 10 years. The applicants understood that their entire subsequent life depended on their choice. Then the ratings of the professions of the future were full of sales managers, marketers, customer service specialists, IT engineers, lawyers, economists and some others. This suggests that at that time the service sector continued to develop and the demand for qualified specialists was constantly increasing. But even then, a development trend in the field of scientific research began.

Scientific development today

Now scientific research is given a decisive place. The future development of the country and society depends entirely on the daily achievements of scientists. The peculiarities of scientific development are that there is a clear division of science into several independent disciplines. This allows us to address current issues in more detail. Research and experiments at this stage of human development are aimed primarily at solving environmental problems. Thus, an expert in the field of alternative energy will be in great demand on the labor market in just a few years. The field of medicine is no less important, since prolonging life and improving its quality are paramount issues of our time.

Medical professions

The development of technology allows specialists to constantly improve. However, there is another side to this coin: workers need to improve their skills and undergo retraining programs. Undoubtedly, the results are worth all the effort - because they prolong human life.

The future is theirs

It is easier to present the list of in-demand professions in 2020-2025 as a list:

1. Surgeon. This specialist must keep up with the times. Thus, already in 2012, an operation was performed to implant a lower jaw implant, which was pre-printed on a 3D printer. Surgeries to implant artificial organs such as kidneys, liver and even heart are well known. The ability to use completely new technologies is the most important skill successful specialist future.
2. Healthcare Manager. A representative of this profession will be required to select a team of scientists, engineers, developers and researchers and coordinate their work together to achieve commercially promising goals.
3. Medical device architect. This is a symbiosis of the profession of engineer and medical worker. This specialist will develop the design of medical equipment, as well as ensure its normal functioning. This profession is also called "bioengineer". Where to study? In universities that have areas of “medical photonics”, “biotechnical and medical devices and systems”, “computer technologies in medical physics”.
4. Genetic consultant. This is a specialist in the field of genetics who identifies hereditary diseases, determines individual metabolic characteristics and studies diseases that cause viral and bacterial infections.
5. Molecular nutritionist. The responsibilities of a representative of this profession will include studying the molecular composition of food and developing an individual nutrition plan for each patient.

Industry

In order to understand the question of what professions will be in demand in 10 years, you should analyze economic development countries at present. The leading sector of the economy in Russia is industry. This is the most important factor influencing the development of the state. A specialist who has connected his life with this field will never be left without work.

Where to go?

Types of industry:

• Food.
• Easy.
• Chemical.
• Mining.
• Metallurgy (ferrous and non-ferrous).
• Mechanical engineering and metalworking.
• Fuel and electricity.
• Coal, oil and gas.
• Lesnaya.

Thus, industry provides society with everything that is necessary for its normal functioning. Food industry of the future, for example, is engaged in breeding new varieties of plants that humanity eats. Quantity vacancies in industry is always higher than in other industries. In addition, there is a need to optimize production, so, in addition to representatives of blue-collar professions, the work of economists, biologists, and many other specialists will be useful here.

Indispensable in industry

So what are the most in-demand professions in 2020-2025? The list will look like this:

1. Design engineers, who will design new equipment and invent more modern technology.
2. Nanotechnologies, whose area of ​​work is cutting-edge nanotechnology.
3. Chemists, biotechnologists, petrochemists, employed in all industries chemical industry: from household chemicals to complex chemicals used in production.
4. Seamstresses, textile workers, cutters, whose work will always be in demand in
5. Lumberjacks, mechanics, sawyers, ensuring the correct distribution of forest resources.

Professions in demand in 2020-2025: list for men

Many traditionally male professions have been mastered by women over time. So, now ladies can be not only drivers and bosses, but also politicians, police officers, and installers. But, despite the widespread prevalence of such professions among the fairer sex, some areas are much more suitable for men. These include the professions of a sailor, pilot, miner, lumberjack, plumber, bodyguard, security specialist, firefighter, military man, as well as a builder or scientist. The most promising areas for men are:

• Programming.
• Design.
• Engineering.
• Cyber ​​prosthetics.
• City farming (organization of production of farm products in a metropolis).
• Space industry - piloting spaceships, cosmogeology and galactic architecture.

It just so happens that more men than women are endowed with a technical mindset. This plays into the hands of the stronger sex: the rapid development of science and industry requires not only an increase in the number of workers, but also the involvement of technical minds. Designing, drawing, planning, organizing and optimizing production require a strong and strong-willed person at the head of the table. Often such positions are occupied by men.

Professions in demand in 2020: list for girls

Representatives of the fair half of humanity are not inferior to the male part of the population. Hard work, punctuality, clarity of action and a non-standard approach distinguish female specialists from the vast majority of male colleagues. Nowadays, the ability to overcome difficulties at work with dignity is also inherent in women. Thus, the areas of work for women are very diverse: from creative professions, in which girls are traditionally considered professionals, to complex technical sciences. This may include the work of a teacher, a marketing, tourism or advertising manager, a realtor, a designer of all kinds, as well as a psychologist and even a security specialist.

The most popular “female” professions in ten years will be the following professions:

• Journalist.
• Editor.
• Nanomedica.
• Space tourism manager.
• Game teacher (specialist in teaching children through play).
• Mind fitness trainer (brain training).

Women will not be left without work. A stable life position, activity, and enterprise, which can easily coexist with tenderness and complaisance, will always be useful in the labor market. Not a single direction is complete without the participation of a woman’s hand. In addition, among the students at the country's leading universities, the vast majority are representatives of the fairer sex. Educated girls are able not only to build a brilliant career, but also to teach important knowledge their children.

How to choose the ideal profession?

Applicants are faced with a difficult choice: to go to study in the direction in which their heart lies, or to choose an unloved but in-demand profession? Everyone decides this for themselves. However, successful careerists in their field advise finding a middle ground. Not a single profession, even the most relevant one in the future, guarantees complete material security. How a person’s future life will turn out depends only on his desire to move and develop within his direction. But do you want to grow in something you don’t love? Definitely not. Therefore, you need to go where it will be interesting to work first, and the rest will follow.

Development of science and technology

The speed of progress is impressive. Literally ten years ago, humanity could not imagine what the science of today would be capable of. Even now it’s hard to believe that implants of vital organs can be printed on a 3D printer, that the space tourism industry not only exists, but is also actively developing. What does nanotechnology stand for? leading place in industrial development. It is difficult to imagine what in-demand professions will be in 2020-2025. The list can only be conditional. But one thing is clear: the future cannot manage without qualified specialists. This means you need to learn, develop and work hard on yourself.

Today in our information series “The Future is Around the Corner” we will discuss the labor market. Lately We are often frightened by the fact that many old professions will die - accountant, transaction operator, even lawyer. They say that new times have come. And now everyone should be ready to change their profession. But I think there is nothing new here. It has always been this way.

In the middle of the 19th century, the great scientist Dmitry Mendeleev calculated that the development of horse-drawn transport would sooner or later lead to the fact that the streets of large cities would be covered with a multi-meter layer of horse manure. Already at the beginning of the 20th century, London officials said that the cleaning services would not be able to cope, and the layer of manure would grow up to the third floors. But horse traction was replaced by cars. They may be more harmful to health than horse manure, because they emit exhaust gases, but they do not clog the streets.

Automobiles came and displaced many old professions. Coachman, groom, saddler - one who makes saddles and bridles. There is a need for much less veterinarians and farriers—horseshoes are no longer needed. But a boom of new professions related to the car arose: driver, mechanic, tinsmith, gas station attendant. It's the same now. New technologies create demand for new specialties. And there is nothing to be afraid of here. New professions mean new opportunities.

“Clouds are flying across the sky, a light breeze is blowing from the sea, birds are singing, and the ocean is nearby. This is all virtual reality, but such details give a feeling of presence,” a virtual reality specialist shows a virtual picture.

If this world was not invented by us, why not create our own, our own, and not just one?

“We built a building on this virtual site. A person can take a walk and study the architecture before construction. This saves a lot of money before real work“says Ben Horan, a senior lecturer at the School of Engineering at Deakin University in Australia.

The Australian Deakin University is confident that in 7-8 years people will be able to fully work, relax, and play sports on virtual platforms. Therefore, today they are preparing the first certified creators of the worlds of the future on the planet.

“When you put on glasses, sometimes you just forget about real life. To erase the boundaries of the real world and the virtual, we need to include all senses in the matrix except sight and hearing. Touch, smell, taste. We're working on it,” says Ben Horan.

Although even now the population of entire cities disappears into artificial universes. In August, the DOTA-2 computer game tournament was watched online by almost 11 million people; the Stanley Cup final had one and a half million fewer viewers. Cyber ​​sports have taken over the planet.

Prize funds in the millions of dollars, talk of inclusion in the Olympic program, talented players - thousands. But, as in real sports, you need professional managers. They will be prepared in Moscow. A pilot program will be launched at the Higher School of Economics in December.

“It’s something like a general manager of a professional football club, only in the field of e-sports. This includes managing a team, managing the computer clubs in which we are located, and managing entire arenas,” explains Emin Antonyan, Chairman of the Board of the Russian Computer Sports Federation, head of the Cyber ​​Sports Management program.

These are no longer toys. Technologies of recent years have revolutionized the understanding of what serious work is.

“This copter absolutely calmly flies behind the car at a speed of 150 kilometers per hour. His maximum speed is 180!” - says the drone operator aircraft Alexander Kunashuk.

In Russia, starting this year, the profession of drone operator officially exists, and at the Moscow Aviation Institute there is a pilot training course.

“A specific customer comes and says: we need a person who knows how to control a drone of agricultural machinery. And we are preparing courses specifically for him,” says Kirill Shchukin, founder of the School of Drones at the Moscow Aviation Institute.

Experts talk about a new industrial revolution. Its vanguard is autonomous cars. Not on the threshold, but already in every home. This is an era where the future does not only belong to robot designers. An engineer from the University of California at Berkeley opened up new horizons. Alexander Reben seemed to have created a monster: contrary to the main law of robotics, he could deliberately harm a person.

“He decides for himself whether to prick a person with a needle or not. It’s a useless mechanism, but I wanted to draw attention to the problem,” says Alexander Reben.

To the problem of compatibility - machines and people working side by side. Humanity needs robot ethicists.

“Robots are becoming more and more advanced. People's safety depends on them. Sooner or later driverless car will be faced with a choice: hit a pedestrian or dodge and crash into a tree, but then the passenger will suffer. How to proceed? That’s what a robotic ethicist is for,” says the engineer.

We already need fighters against aging, home ecologists, IT geneticists, and cyber investigators. Today's schoolchildren will also master professions that do not yet exist.

“By 2025, 60% of professions will be ones that we don’t even know today. 60%! People with really great filling, intellectual filling, will flourish,” says Mikhail Kolontai, an expert at the Institute of Communication Management of the Higher School of Economics.

She will have to compete with artificial filling. back side progress. Nowadays, instead of tens of thousands of accountants, only a few hundred work in large Russian banks. The technology is also replacing call center operators. In Orel, almost half of the calls are handled by the program.

“We have optimized our staff, increased the efficiency and speed of processing customer requests, and reduced the cost of order processing,” explains Sergei Zhdanovich, director of the contact center.

Optimization has left conductors in the past. The flight list includes taxi drivers, truck drivers, air traffic controllers, lawyers, and analysts. Even travel agents and translators. The specificity of the current industrial revolution is that machines can take on not only physical labor.

Heated debates have not subsided for years. Will technology be able to replace people on the screen - actors, presenters, journalists? After all, 3D modeling used to be time-consuming and expensive. Today, an exact digital copy can be made in 30 seconds.

Clothing, hairstyle, facial expressions are not even a matter of amazing accuracy. Such an avatar can already be taught to work autonomously. Not an employee - a digital dream. Therefore, stuntmen have less and less work. Why take risks, spend money, let's draw in 3D!

“In three years there will be no rejection or feeling of falsehood,” says Maxim Fedyukov, the founder of a company producing 3D scanners, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences.

What to do if robots work hard, not people? Skolkovo business school expert Dmitry Sudakov discussed this issue with scientists, entrepreneurs, and futurologists for several years. This is how the Atlas of New Professions appeared. In it, for example, there is a producer of a semantic field, an architect of living systems, a cosmogeologist. This is a kind of guide to the future, where the main thing is not where to go to study, but who to retrain for.

“The silver bullet that will help defeat everyone and say “that’s it, now I’m employed forever” is no longer there. Professions are disappearing very quickly. The world of the future is much more interesting than the world of managers, the world of lawyers, all this is boring and incomprehensible,” he says.

But there is good news: interest in blue-collar jobs will not disappear. Golden hands are still worth their weight in gold. Technology has only changed the idea of ​​dirty work. The World Skills Championship of Young Professionals in St. Petersburg is like a high-tech salon.

“Everything has become much faster, much easier, more convenient. I will advance in this profession, I will go. Then maybe I’ll go to study,” says Valery Parkhachev, a student at the Industrial and Shipbuilding Lyceum of St. Petersburg, majoring in gas-electric welding, and participant in the “Young Professionals (WorldSkills Russia)” championship.

Therefore, today there is a massive demand for career guidance centers.

“The word “profession” itself is ungodly outdated. It's more important now to talk about the skills you need to implement professional activity“, explains the head of the Young Professionals Union (WorldSkills Russia) Robert Urazov.

And one more skill will remain valuable - human emotions. Machines can't do this yet. And in the “economy of emotions” the chances of survival are equal to those of a social network designer and those of a postman in the outback. You can’t say to a machine: “What about talking?”

“A robot is still not a living person. They are used, especially the old women, to communication, they are used to being greeted, asked how is your health, will they ask, how is your health? Well, they ask questions, of course,” says Alexandra Mishchenko, a postman from Karachay-Cherkessia.

Analysts still have questions: the labor market of the future is an equation with many unknowns. But in this brave new world, a common denominator seems to be emerging. In the age of machines characteristic " good man"can become a profession.