Presentation “Safe road for children” Relevance The need for training...
Those who are looking for the names of animals in German often come to my blog, but I don’t have them on my blog)) There is only Therefore, I am correcting this hole and today’s topic: Simply listing the names of our little brothers in German would be too boring, I In addition to the list, I decided to add German idioms using animals - you will find them just below...
Animals in German that live on the farm:
der Stier- bull
der Eber- boar, boar
der Esel- donkey
das Ferkel— piglet
das Fohlen— foal
der Hund- dog
der Hamster- hamster
der Hengst- stallion
die Kuh- cow
das Kalb- calf
der Kater- cat
die Katze- cat
das Lamm— lamb
die Maus- mouse
der Ochse- bull, ox
das Pferd- horse
die Ratte- rat
die Stute- mare
das Schaf- ram
das Schwein- pig
die Sau- female pig
die Welpe- puppy
die Ziege- goat
Do you know how a German rooster crows and what sounds a pig makes in Germany? Read about it
Wild animals in German:
der Affe- monkey
der Biber- beaver
der Büffel - buffalo
der Dachs— badger
der Igel- hedgehog
der Lowe- a lion
der Maulwurf- mole
der Wisent- bison
der Elch- elk
das Wildschwein-boar
der Fuchs- fox
der Bär- bear
das Eichhornchen- squirrel
der Fischotter- otter
der Luchs- lynx
der Waschbär- raccoon
der Wolf- wolf
der Hase-hare
der Hirsch- deer
das Reh - roe
das Kamel- camel
das Nilpferd- hippopotamus
das Stinktier- skunk
das Frettchen- ferret
der Dachs— badger
der Pandabar- panda
die Fledermaus- bat
der Ameisenbar- anteater
das Faultier- sloth
And separately - , whose names do not require translation. Because they are similar to the Russian version:
das Krokodil, der Alligator, das Chamäleon, der Tiger, der Leopard, der Bison, der Gorilla, das Känguru, der Schimpanse, das Zebra, die Giraffe, der Koala, der Gepard, der Puma, das Lama, der Jaguar.
Useful words related to animals:
Some animal body parts in German:
der Schwanz- tail
das Fell- fur, wool
das Maul- mouth
die Tatze- paw (in large animals)
die Pfote- paw (in small animals)
das Horn- horn
das Geweih- antlers (for deer and elk)
das Schnurrhaar- mustache
der Huf-hoof
die Kralle- claw
der Panzer- shell
die Schuppen- scales
der Rüssel- trunk
der Stoßzahn- tusk
die Mähne- mane
der Hocker- a camel's hump
Verbs:
äsen- graze, feed
werfen- give birth to
fressen- eat
kriechen- crawl
Collocations:
ein herrenloser Hund- homeless dog
ein streunender Hund- homeless dog
ein bissiger Hund- angry dog (literally: biting dog)
die Siamkatze- Siamese cat
die Stubenkatze- domestic cat
Idioms
But this is how animals in German are used not in their direct meaning, but in idioms...
Jemandem einen Bären aufbinden- tell someone lies
einen Bären anbinden- to assign debts
ein frecher Dachs - impudent
Der Fuchs braut.— The sentence literally translates as: the fox brews beer. But in reality the meaning is completely different - “the fog is swirling.”
Mein Name ist Hase. — Literally translated as “My name is hare,” i.e. I don’t know anything, I haven’t seen anything, I haven’t heard anything. The Russian version is “my hut is on the edge.”
auf dem Hund sein- endure extreme need.
Mit Allen Hunden Gehetzt sein.- be a shot bird, go through fire, water and copper pipes.
Das ist für die Katze. - It’s in vain, in vain. The Russian version is down the drain.
Der Wolf stirbt in seiner Haut.- Leopard change his spots.
Die Schafe von den Böcken scheiden.- Literally: to separate the sheep from the goats. = Good from bad.
Some idioms with animals in German are identical to Russian versions. German rats, for example, also flee from a sinking ship: Die Ratten verlassen das sinkende Schiff.
We are also familiar with the following options:
Leben wie Hund und Katze .- Live like a cat and a dog
Die Katze im Sack kaufen.— Buy a pig in a poke
Da lachen die alle Huhner! - The chickens laugh!
Da liegt der Hund begraben.“That’s where the dog is buried.”
Just like in Russian, in German a hungry person is compared to a wolf ( hungrig wie ein Wolf), stupid with a sheep ( dumm wie ein Schaf), cowardly with a hare ( ein Wahrer Hase).
These were animals in German, read also about the great love of the Germans for their little brothers in the article
See meat, shot bird, shot bird... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and similar expressions. under. ed. N. Abramova, M.: Russian Dictionaries, 1999. bird bird, birdie, bird (of God), birdie, birdie; firebird, bluebird, ornithopper,... ... Synonym dictionary
Bird Zu- Studio album by Yuri Tsaler Release date November 2005 Recorded 1991 1993 ... Wikipedia
bird- (4): Oh! In the distance, a falcon flew towards the sea, beating its bird. 19 20. When a falcon is in our place, the bird flies high. 27. You float high in a frenzy, like a falcon spreading in the wind, although you can overcome a bird in a frenzy. 31. And Gzak’s speech to Konchakovich: ... ... Dictionary-reference book "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"
BIRD- BIRD, birds, female. 1. An animal from the class of vertebrates, with a body covered with down and feathers, possessing a beak, two limbs and wings. Predator birds. Poultry. Songbirds. Migratory birds. The bird waved its wing. 2. transfer used... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
BIRD- BIRD, s, female. 1. A feathered and downy vertebrate with wings, two limbs and a beak. Songbirds. Migratory birds. Waterfowl. How to live like heaven (without worrying about anything). 2. collected Such animals as an object... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
Bird- Bird, Claudius Borisovich Claudius Borisovich Bird Date of birth January 21 (February 3) 1911 (19110203) Place of birth Pronsk Date of death ... Wikipedia
Zoo bird- Yuri Tsaler founder of the group Basic information Genres ... Wikipedia
bird- BIRD, bird, trad. poet. birdie, talk birdie, colloquial birdie, colloquial reduction bird... Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms of Russian speech
BIRD- Klavdiy Borisovich (1911 1983), choral conductor, People's Artist of the USSR (1966). Director of Moscow choirs (since 1936), since 1950 artistic director of the Big Choir of Central TV and Radio Broadcasting. Professor of the Moscow Conservatory (since 1956).... ...Russian history
BIRD- “BIRD”, USSR, MIRAS, 1990, 44 min. Social parable. The depreciation of human individuality in the society with which the young man comes into close contact can so briefly describe the proposed ideological context of the film. Cast: Oralbay... ... Encyclopedia of Cinema
bird- freestyle (Korinfsky, Markevich, Nikitin, Pushkin); bitter (Gorky); ringing (Baratynsky); beautiful (Balmont); light (Surikov); free (Balmont), Sologub); migratory (Golenishchev Kutuzov); free (Gorky) Epithets of literary Russian... ... Dictionary of epithets
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How to say in German (like an invitation): ALL IN.. GARDEN!!)) and received the best answer
Reply from Pat[active]
Maybe this will help you
Russian and German proverbs:
God saves man, who save himself. Hilf dir selbst, so hilft dir Gott.
Vorsicht ist besser als Nachsicht.
Still waters run deep. Stille Wasser sind tief.
The bird is visible in flight. Den Vogel erkennt man an den Federn.
Am Trillern erkennt man die Lerche.
Appearances are deceptive. Schein trügt.
Der Schein betrügt, der Spiegel lügt.
If you're afraid of wolves, don't go into the forest. Der kommt nimmer in den Wald, der jeden Strauch fürchtet.
You can't jump over your head. Man kann nicht über seinen eigenen Schatten springen.
The ears do not grow above the forehead. Es ist dafür gesorgt, daß die Bäume nicht in den Himmel wachsen.
Leopard change his spots. Ein Zwerg bleibt immer ein Zwerg, und stünd" er auf dem höchsten Berg.
Ein Aff bleibt Aff, werd" er König oder Pfaff.
Having given your word, hold on, and if you don’t give, be strong. Ein Mann, ein Wort.
The Forbidden fruit is sweet. Verbotene Früchte sind die süßesten.
And the walls have ears. Die Wände haben Ohren.
Everyone goes crazy in their own way. Jedem Tierchen sein Plasierchen.
No matter how you feed the wolf, he keeps looking into the forest. Die Katze lässt das Mausen nicht.
My house is on the edge (I don’t know anything). Mein Name ist Hase (,ich weiß von nichts).
There is nothing to blame for the mirror if the face is crooked. Es steckt nicht im Spiegel, was man im Spiegel sieht.
All that glitters is not gold. Es ist nicht alles Gold, was glänzt.
The devil is not as scary as he is painted. Der Teufel ist nicht so schwarz, wie man ihn malt.
Nichts wird so heiß gegessen, wie es gekocht wird.
There is no rose without thorns. Keine Rose ohne Dornen.
Having been burned by the milk, they blow on the water. Wer sich an der Suppe verbrannt hat, bläst auf kalten Fisch.
Hunting is worse than captivity. Des Menschen Wille ist sein Himmelreich.
The truth hurts my eyes. Wahrheit bringt Haß.
Habit is second nature. Gewohnheit ist die andere Natur.
The frightened crow is afraid of the bush. Gebranntes Kind scheut das Feuer.
Gebrühte Katze scheut auch das kalte Wasser.
Let the goat into the garden, he will eat all the cabbage. Man muss den Bock nicht zum Gärtner machen.
Risk is a noble cause. Wer wagt, gewinnt.
The fish looks for where it is deeper, and the person where it is better. Die Fische streben nach tieferem Grunde, der Mensch ist gern mit dem Glück im Bunde.
Do not drink water from your face. Schönheit kann man nicht essen.
You made the porridge yourself, so you can sort it out yourself. Die Suppe, die man sich einbrockt, muss man auch auslöffeln.
I can't bear my own burden. Eigene Last ist nicht schwer.
Your shirt is closer to your body. Jeder ist sich selbst der Nächste.
No sooner said than done. Gesagt - getan.
Cheek brings success. Dem Mutigen gehört die Welt.
Frisch gewagt ist halb gewonnen.
Whoever is in pain talks about it. Wes das Herz voll ist, des geht der Mund über.
Wo einen der Schuh drückt, davon spricht man gern.
A drowning man clutches at a straw. Der Ertrinkende greift nach einem Strohhalm.
Someone else's soul is darkness. Man kann den Menschen nicht ins Herz sehen.
Answer from Vita Milkin[guru]
Gehen wir alle in den Garten!
Answer from Max[newbie]
ALLER IN DEN GARTEN
Answer from Ju Scha[guru]
Bitte alle in den Garten! (Doslowno: proschu wsekh w sad)
The names of birds (“ornithonyms”) in any language usually contain information about the distinctive characteristics of birds. These signs may relate to the appearance and color of birds, their vocal or “singing” characteristics, behavioral characteristics, habitats, geographic distribution, etc.
Based on their origin, all bird names, with a certain degree of convention, can be divided into three groups:
1) folk - historically established, deep-rooted names of the birds most famous to the population of a particular country;
2) book - group and species names of other birds of the domestic and world fauna accepted by ornithologists for scientific purposes;
3) “mixed” - names in which folk group names are supplemented by individual species definitions developed or borrowed by ornithologists.
The names of birds in any language have their own characteristics associated with the sources and periods of formation of their names, different assessments of birds, differences in the approaches of scientists to the development or borrowing of book names, as well as with the specifics of national thinking, the construction of words and phrases. Book titles developed by scientists provide a more complete and objective description of birds, contribute to their better identification in nature, and the differentiation of individual species. The advantage of folk names is that they more clearly express the emotional assessment and attitude of the country's population towards certain birds. Among the individual and group folk names of birds in all European languages, there are symbolic names that have lost their original semantic meaning, which, nevertheless, are widely used and understandable to the entire population of the country (for example, crane, eagle, swallow, seagull, etc.) .
Naturally, in scientific and popular science literature, the names of birds cannot be literally translated from a foreign language into Russian, but must be replaced by an ornitonym accepted in the Russian language.
Thus, the English Golden Eagle should be translated as “golden eagle”, the German Zaunkönig – “wren”, the French Grue demoiselle – “demoiselle”, the Hungarian Csбszbrmadbr – “hazel grouse”, the Finnish Suokukko – “turukhtan”, the Polish Oknуwka – “city swallow”. However, the advantage of a literal translation into Russian is that such a translation shows how the same birds are perceived by representatives of different nations in their homeland, what features of the species are reflected in other languages. When translated literally, it turns out that Golden Eagle is “golden eagle”, Zaunkönig is “king of the fence”, Grue demoiselle is “crane-girl”, Csбszрmadр is “imperial bird”, Suokukko is “swamp rooster”, Oknуwka is “window”.
In order to identify such differences in the perception of birds by different European peoples, we carried out a literal translation of the names of birds of the breeding fauna of Russia from six languages - English, German, French, Finnish, Hungarian and Polish. Finnish and Hungarian languages belong to the Finno-Ugric group of the Uralic language family, other languages belong to different groups of the Indo-European language family: English and German belong to the Germanic group, French belongs to the Romance group, Polish belongs to the Slavic group. The names of birds were taken from specialized literature (Böhme, Flint 1994; Hagemeijer,
Blair 1997). Let us present the most interesting, in our opinion, discrepancies in the names of our birds in Russian and other European languages.
It is impossible not to admit that in the languages we have chosen, sometimes more accurately than in Russian, the essential features of the appearance, biology, and behavior of many birds are emphasized. Some folk names are distinguished by a fair amount of humor. Thus, the corncrake became the “king of quails” among the Germans, the kingfisher became the “royal fisherman” among the British, and the yellow-headed kinglet became the “mouse king” among the Poles. The Finns call the whirligig “cuckoo girl” or “cuckoo girl”, apparently because of its appearance and color. Other ornithonims sound very poetic when translated literally. For example, the northern storm petrel in Finnish is called “storm elf”, the wren is “a little boy”, the little egret in Polish is “lovely” or “graceful heron”, the same yellow-headed wren in German is “golden cockerel”, and in English - “golden comb, golden tuft.” The German and Polish names of the barn swallow (smoky swallow, smoke swallow) go back to ancient folk legends, and the names of the little owl in French and Finnish (Athena's owl, Minerva's owl) go back to ancient mythology. The Germans consider the round-nosed phalarope (Odin's hen) to be the bird of another deity, already Scandinavian.
In many European countries, it is customary to elevate majestic and beautiful birds to the rank of imperial and royal. For example, the imperial eagle is called “imperial eagle” in three languages – English, French and German (but the larger and stronger golden eagle for the French is just “royal eagle”). The Hungarian name for hazel grouse – “imperial bird” – is obviously related to the delicacy status of this game in the imperial kitchen.
The avifauna of most European countries coincides with the Russian one only by 30-40%, however, a comparative analysis of the names of common elements of the fauna in Russian and six other European languages makes it possible to identify the national specifics of the formation of ornitonyms. Here are some of the observed patterns.
English names. Among the English and other English speakers, many species belonging to different genera and even families have the same group names. Thus, a wide variety of passerines with a conical beak were called Finch (finch) or Sparrow (sparrow). Most warblers, warblers, mockingbirds, warblers and other similar species are united by the ornitonym Warbler - singer, warbler. There are approximately 1.3 times fewer group and individual names of birds in English than in Russian. Given the poverty of ornithonym-nouns, differences in species names are achieved mainly through verbose definitions. For example, the white-throated blackbird is called Swinhoe's White-troated Rock Thrush in English. Another feature is the large number of “nominal” names in honor of naturalists, travelers and even people far from science. More than 10% of the English names of birds of the Russian avifauna turned out to be “nominal”. Such ornithonyms clearly demonstrate the dominance of the British in the taxonomy of the century before last, do not allow us to forget about the discoverers, but do not in any way characterize the named species. Successful and apt English ornitonyms include the names of loons (divers), threefingers (button quails), oystercatcher (oyster catcher), and oystercatcher (red-headed
shell duck), eagle owl (eagle owl).
German titles. A characteristic feature of German ornitonyms (like most other names) is that they are expressed in polysyllabic, or rather multi-component words. Blocks are combined into one word, including both group names and specific definitions. For example, the name of the ruby-throated sandpiper in German is Rotkehlstrandlüfer (red-throated sandrunner). Numerous definitions that seem to be strung on one thread make the German names of birds very detailed and informative, although sometimes difficult to pronounce. In the German language, there is a high percentage of names that objectively characterize the appearance and biological characteristics of birds; many names well embody the collective humor of the people. Less common than in other languages are untranslatable names-symbols. The German names for petrels (wave runners), skuas (robber gulls), shrikes (killers), goldeneye (calling duck), rook (plowed crow) are very successful and imaginative.
French names. French ornithonims, unlike German ones, are not polysyllabic, but verbose, which is explained by the specific construction of phrases in French. So the common redstart is called Rouge-queue b front blanc (redtail with white
forehead). Most French names (for Northern Eurasia - more than 100 species) completely or partially coincide with the scientific names of birds. The reasons for this coincidence are the Latin roots of the French language, which belongs to the Romance group, as well as the preference of French scientists for scientific Latin when borrowing names from books. Another feature is the assignment of pompous class titles to some birds. The burial ground is called the imperial eagle, the Steller's sea eagle is called the imperial eagle, and the white goose is called the imperial goose. The eagle owl received the title of Grand Duke, the scops owl is called the little duke, and several ulit waders - the goldfinch, the grasshopper, the porcupine, the great ulit, the blackling, the fifi, the ferryman - were elevated to the dignity of nobility, receiving the group name Chevalier (cavalier, chevalier). There are quite a lot of “registered” names of birds in the French language, given in honor of naturalists and travelers. The aptly named yellow heron (shaggy crabcatcher), Egyptian heron (ox-guard heron), goldfinch (elegant thistle), and magpie (chatty magpie).
Finnish names. Most Finnish bird names clearly have ancient roots and arose as a result of the direct perception of forest and water birds by Finnish tribes who lived by hunting, fishing and beekeeping. Onomatopoeic names are widely used (loon - Kaakuri, hazel grouse - Pyy, sandpiper - Tyllii, tern - Tiira, eagle owl - Huhkaja, etc.). Finnish ornithonyms are characterized by a certain primitiveness, as evidenced by the unification of birds of various genera and families under the same group names. For example, all diurnal predators, except eagles, are Haukka, herons and storks are Haikara, and many small cone-billed birds are Varpunen (sparrow). Finally, a large number of birds from different orders and families, from the fulmar and scintillation to the hoopoe, redstarts, warblers, crossbills, have a common group name, denoted by the word Lintu - bird. At the same time, some Finnish ornitonyms are original and accurate: crake (rye screamer), snipe (skybuck), roller (blue jay), city swallow (roof swallow), redstarts (alder birds), fieldfare (crackling thrush), remez ( pouch tit).
Hungarian names. The Hungarian language has many ancient symbolic names that have now lost their semantic meaning. For example, woodpeckers in Hungarian are called by completely different symbolic names: harkбly (yellow), kьllх (green woodpeckers), fakopбncs (spotted woodpeckers), hőcsik (three-toed woodpecker). This is probably evidence of the forest roots of the distant ancestors of the Hungarians. In general, in terms of the number of individual and group names-symbols, the Hungarian language is comparable to the Russian language. Another historically determined feature of the Hungarian language is the widespread borrowing of German book names of birds (in translation, of course). Like German, Hungarian ornithonims, as a rule, are expressed in multicomponent words that include several characteristics of a bird at once. About 20% of the names of birds of the Russian fauna sound the same when translated from German and Hungarian. The Hungarian names for the stilt (meadow stork), skuas (fish wolves), and gray owl (cat owl) are very original.
Polish names. More than 100 names of birds of the Russian fauna in Polish sound almost the same as in Russian and do not require translation. Of course, this is a consequence of the common Old Slavic roots of the Polish and Russian languages. Here are some examples of such matches: Chapla, Łabędź, Gągoł, Orzeł, Pustułka, Kobczyk, Kuropatwa, Łyska, Żuraw, Sowa, Zimorodek, Muchołowka, Drozd, Czyż, Checzotka, Sujka, Wrona, etc. In addition, over half of the names of birds are Russian and Polish avifauna have original individual names in Polish. For one-word names, they are amazingly apt and extremely informative. Very aptly named red-headed pochard (Głovienka), lutok (Bielaczek), osprey (Rybołуw), snake eagle (Gadożer), buzzard (Myszołow), corncrake (Derkacz), eagle owl (Puchacz), long-eared owl (Uszatka), fieldfare (Kwiczoł), nuthatch (Kowalik), greenfinch (Dzwoniec), tree sparrow (Mazurek), raven (Kruk).
Many birds living in Europe and Russia are named almost identically in all the languages we selected. These are, for example, the little cormorant, flamingo, gray heron, gray goose, eider, steppe eagle, pheasant, gray crane, cuckoo, green woodpecker, crested lark, song thrush. Most of these common ornitonyms are translations of bird names borrowed from the works of ancient Greek and Roman classics, and subsequently literal translations of scientific Latin names. Few of the common ornitonyms are onomatopoeic, the most typical example being the cuckoo.
Of course, Russian names for birds have their own characteristics. In our opinion, many Russian ornitonyms are superior in their expressiveness, precision and accuracy of characteristics to the names of birds in other languages.
We are going to devote a detailed classification of Russian ornitonyms and analysis of their features.
Literature
Boehme R.L., Flint V.E. 1994. Five-language dictionary of animal names. Birds. Latin-Russian-English-German-French. M: 1-845.
Stepanyan L.S. 2003. Abstract of the ornithological fauna of Russia and adjacent territories (within the borders of the USSR as a historical region). M: 1-808.
Hagemeijer E.J.M., Blair M.J. (Eds.). 1997. The EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds:
Their Distribution and Abundance. London: 1-903
Yu.S. Friedman, E.A. Koblik. Yuri Semenovich Fridman, Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Koblik. Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, st. Bolshaya Nikitskaya, 6, Moscow, 125009, Russia. Email: [email protected]
SourceRussian Ornithological Journal 2013, Express issue 853. pp. 573-582.
