How to make your own soap. How I made soap with my own hands - my favorite soap making recipes

Beginner soap makers are recommended to train on ordinary children's soap without additives or fragrances. If you are confident in yourself, then purchase a professional soap base from specialized stores. They sell white, transparent and multi-colored bases with the addition of oils in packages of 250, 500 and 1,000 grams.

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What to buy:

Base oil

It can be anything: coconut, almond, olive, castor, grape and apricot seeds. The oil consists almost entirely of organic compounds: fatty acids, vitamins, waxes, microelements, which are extremely beneficial for the skin.

Add no more than ½ teaspoon of oil to 100 g of soap base. An overdose of essential oils can cause severe allergies, and the soap will stop lathering.

There are many varieties of base oils, each of which has its own therapeutic effect and imbues homemade soap with skin-beneficial properties.

Base oil	Skin type	Property
From apricot kernels	Any	Saturates the skin with vitamins: A, B, C, E, F. Moisturizes, softens, increases elasticity, normalizes the function of the sebaceous glands
From grape seeds	Oily and mixed	Regulates the function of sweat glands, restores the natural oiliness of the skin
Castor	Dry and mixed	Removes pigment spots well, whitens and nourishes the skin, fights fine wrinkles
Almond	Any	Saturates the skin with vitamins E and F, moisturizes, normalizes the function of the sebaceous glands, prevents expansion
Coconut	Any	Protects skin from ultraviolet rays, smoothes and makes it softer
Eucalyptus	Oily and mixed	Used for skin whitening, treatment of furunculosis and acne
Sage	Oily and mixed	Smoothes wrinkles, normalizes the functioning of the sebaceous glands. An excellent remedy for combating acne and other skin problems
Palm	Any	Is an antioxidant and natural source of vitamin E
cocoa	Any	Accelerates the process of restoration of damaged skin cells, eliminating various cosmetic defects

What to buy:

Plain soap self made can be obtained using water-soluble food coloring.

• Cocoa and coffee will make the soap chocolatey.
• Chamomile infusion will give the soap a yellow tint.
• Saffron and curry - bright yellow.
• Spinach, dill and parsley - green.
• Beet juice - red or pink.
• Chamomile essential oil - blue.

Do not use red rose petals (gives a dirty gray color) or hibiscus tea (gives a dirty green color) to create red shades.

Natural dyes have low light fastness and fade quickly in the sun. Therefore, such soap must be stored in a dark place.

For multi-color pour-over soaps, liquid or dry pigment is used in standard and neon shades. Pigment dyes give a bright, rich color and make the soap slightly matte. Before adding to the soap base, the dry pigment must be ground with oil or glycerin.

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Mother of pearl, a mineral dye in powder form, gives homemade soap a beautiful shimmer and shine. It perfectly emphasizes the relief of the product. Mother of pearl is used in soaps with a transparent base and is applied to the surface of the product with a brush or fingertip.

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This dye does not need to be pre-dissolved and is added dry to the molten base.

What to buy:

Supplements

To give homemade soap additional properties, various additives are used: glycerin, cream, honey, herbal infusions, dried flowers.

For example, during the preparation process you can add finely ground coffee, oatmeal, and ground nut shells to the scrub soap. Some of these compositions are easy to prepare yourself. But, for example, you will have to purchase bamboo or baobab fruit powder.

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What to buy:

What tools are needed?

1. Heat-resistant containers with a spout that can be heated in a microwave oven or in a water bath.
2. Silicone 2D and 3D molds for soap.
3. Alcohol for lubricating the surface of molds and better connecting soap layers. The alcohol must be kept in a spray bottle with a volume of 30–150 ml.
4. Glass or wooden sticks for mixing the soap base.
5. Thermometer for liquids.

What to buy:

How to make homemade soap

Step 1

Prepare all the necessary components in advance: dyes, oils, fillers, and so on. Cut the soap base into small cubes and melt it in a water bath. Make sure that the base temperature does not rise above 60 °C. Otherwise, bubbles will form in the soap and its quality will deteriorate.

Step 2

When the soap base is completely melted, add any base oil you like, dye and one teaspoon of filler, for example, ground. IN in this case coffee will act as a dye and give the product a deep chocolate shade.

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Step 3

Pour the mixture into the mold, after sprinkling it with alcohol from a spray bottle. If you are working with several layers, then when pouring a new one, do not forget to spray the previous one with alcohol and lightly scratch its surface for better adhesion of the layers. The surface of the soap can be decorated with whole coffee beans.

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Step 4

Place the mold in a cool place for 2 hours (never in the freezer!). Then remove the soap from the mold, immerse it in hot water for a few minutes, and place it on paper to dry for 1-2 days. The finished soap must be stored in breathable packaging. For example, in cling film.

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Bonus: 4 homemade soap recipes

Homemade face soap

• white soap base;
• 2 tablespoons lanolin oil;
• 1 teaspoon of any aromatic oil;
• 1 tablespoon of chopped oatmeal;
• 1 tablespoon ground almonds.

Chocolate and vanilla

• soap base;
• a few drops of vanilla essential oil;
• 1 teaspoon almond oil;
• 1 teaspoon ground coffee;
• a few drops of honey and ylang-ylang oil.

Strawberries and cream

• opaque soap base;
• ½ teaspoon olive oil;
• ½ teaspoon strawberry seed oil;
• red or pink dye;
• 2 tablespoons cream;
• strawberry and cream flavorings.

Pink dream

• white soap base;
• 1 tablespoon pink clay;
• 1 teaspoon apricot essential oil;
• 5 drops vanilla oil;

You will need:
- soap base;
- essential oils;
- glycerin;
- various additives;
- dyes;
- deep enamel bowl or pan;
- molds;
- alcohol.

First you need to decide what your soap will be, what aroma it will have and what additives you will add to it. There are transparent and opaque soap bases on sale in specialized stores. It can also be prepared from baby soap.

If you use a soap base, cut it into cubes and grate the baby soap on a coarse grater. This is necessary so that the soap quickly melts and turns into a homogeneous mass.

Place the pieces in an enamel bowl and place in a water bath. Heat the base, stirring until the soap has completely melted. Add a little glycerin and mix everything thoroughly.

Add a few drops of essential oil to add scent to the soap. It will not only give you a pleasant smell, but will also have a healing effect on your skin and body as a whole. For example, peppermint or lavender oil can help you relax, while grapefruit or orange essential oil can help make your skin firmer. Add the necessary additives.

If you add coffee grounds to the base, you will get an excellent scrub soap. You can also add a variety of dried herbs, honey, cream or milk, crushed oatmeal, cosmetic clays, and so on.

Give the soap the desired color. Nowadays a huge number of dyes for soap are produced, which can be purchased in specialized stores, with the help of which it is possible to give soap any desired shade.

Soap can be colored using only natural dyes. For example, saffron will give a yellow tint, beet juice will give a red or pink tint, and spinach puree will give a green tint.

Next, pour the prepared mixture into molds. To do this, you can use any plastic containers, for example, yogurt or butter containers, toy molds for playing in the sandbox, or Silicone forms for baking. Pour the cooled mixture and spray the surface of the soap with alcohol (this will help prevent bubbles).

Leave to cool for 10-12 hours. After this, take out the soaps and let them dry completely for a week. During this time, turn the soap over periodically so that it dries evenly.

Handmade Soap Recipes

Very beautiful and beneficial for the skin - soap with lemon zest. To prepare it, melt 100 g of transparent soap base in a water bath, add 7 drops of lemon or orange essential oil, pour 1.5 teaspoons of sea buckthorn oil and add 1 teaspoon of dry lemon zest (if you use fresh, the soap will spoil very quickly , so dry is necessary). Stir the melted mass with all the ingredients and pour into the mold. Let the soap dry.

To make wonderful soap and olive oil, take 100 g of opaque soap base or baby soap. Also melt it in a water bath and add:
- 1 teaspoon of unrefined olive oil;
- 5 drops of lavender oil.

Mix the mixture thoroughly and add lilac dye for soap. Please note that color finished product it will be a little lighter. Pour the soap into molds and let dry.

Homemade soap making is becoming increasingly popular today. And this is understandable, because making soap with your own hands is an extremely interesting and profitable process that quickly becomes addictive and turns into a favorite hobby. After all, this is a soap that contains natural essential oils; it may also contain natural additives - honey, oats, dried flower petals, chocolate, seasonings and much more. Homemade handmade soap is also enriched with all kinds of base oils that have powerful rejuvenating and caring effects.

Each oil has a different effect: relaxes or invigorates, has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, and much more. As a scrub, you can use ingredients such as poppy seeds, coffee, clay (blue, white, pink, green), ground nuts, etc., the main thing is not to overfill the ingredients, as the soap can crumble a lot and lather poorly. Food or cosmetic dyes are used to add color, and the presence of chemicals in this soap is kept to a minimum.

Homemade soap comes in three types: from baby soap, from soap base and soap from scratch. Beginners, as a rule, start with baby soap - this is the easiest and most accessible way to everyone. Soap base best material to create designer soap, you can make soap of different colors and shapes. The most complex and expensive technology is soap from scratch. Here we do not use a ready-made soap base, but cook it ourselves from alkali and oils or fats. Well, to make everything more clear, let’s look specifically at each type of soap:

The simplest type of soap making at home is soap making from baby soap. If you decide to make soap at home, but are afraid, so to speak, of ruining everything, then first you can try to take the first steps using baby soap. Why should you start with baby soap? Because there are no chemical additives in it. This soap is intended for delicate children's skin, because such skin is susceptible to perfumes and alkaline environments. Therefore, you can easily add your own ingredients (oils, decoctions, flowers), and you will get soap with the desired aroma, color and shape. Baby soap also contains moisturizing glycerin, lanolin, and vegetable oils, which have a beneficial effect on the skin without irritating it. When choosing baby soap, pay attention to the composition - there should be no chemical additives, flavors or perfumes.

To make soap at home from baby soap, you will need the following utensils and tools:

Fine grater (the finer, the faster the soap shavings will melt);

Durable water bath pan (iron and heat-resistant);

A glass or porcelain plate (heat-resistant) of smaller diameter than a saucepan;

Molds for pouring (soft disposable jars, silicone baking molds, children's sand molds);

A plate for melting solid butter;

A knife for cutting prepared soap and a spoon.

So: we grate our soap. If the recipe contains solid oils, melt them in a water bath first, then add soap shavings, herbal decoctions (milk, water) and wait. The melting process takes about 15-20 minutes. Don't forget to make sure the soap doesn't boil. And as soon as the chips melt, the mass becomes viscous and without lumps, you can safely add base oils (1 tablespoon per 100 grams). Then remove from the water bath and add essential oils, dyes and other necessary components. It is better to do this at the end of the procedure, since such substances are volatile. Stir the resulting mass and pour into molds. Wait until it hardens completely, remove from the molds and dry for a day.

For 100 grams of baby soap you can add approximately:

1 tablespoon of base oils;

100 grams of any liquid (milk, decoctions, etc.);

6-7 drops of essential oils;

4-5 drops of dye;

50 grams of other additives (honey, coffee, oatmeal, chocolate, sugar, etc.).

Making soap from soap base.

Soap base- This is a ready-made soap, colorless, odorless, neutral in properties. As a rule, the soap base is already balanced in terms of pH and the content of fatty nutritious oils. The composition of a soap base of any type and from any manufacturer (Russia, England, China and others) consists of natural ingredients without the addition of chemicals, and also without or with a slight odor.

The main components of the soap base are special surfactants, or surfactants, which are combined with oils and glycerin. It is thanks to surfactants that soap is able to remove dirt so well, in turn, glycerin softens the skin and makes it smooth, and oils, penetrating into the epidermis, help restore the skin and improve it appearance. Surfactants help increase the shelf life of soap and improve skin cleansing. If you are afraid of the effects of “chemistry” on your skin, then you can always soften its effect with the help of fatty base oils and active additives. Thus, getting a useful product that will help not only cleanse the skin, but also moisturize, soften, enrich with vitamins and much more.

English base is considered one of the best, because the quality of the finished soap from this base is usually pleasing. This base melts and hardens quickly, and the resulting soap does not dry out the skin. The English base has virtually no odor, which means it is easy to aromatize and retains the scents of essential oils. It does not produce lush foam like Belgian and German bases, because it contains few surfactants. However, the cleaning properties of soap do not depend on the amount of foam.

There are several types of soap base: solid, creamy and liquid. In turn, the solid base is transparent (purified), white (with the addition of titanium dioxide) and organic (based on natural ingredients, has a slight yellowish tint).

Transparent soap base- such a base, as a rule, contains a sufficient amount of glycerin, which makes it soft and moisturizing. Transparency provides depth and richness of color that is more difficult to achieve with other types of soap bases. Without a pronounced odor.

White soap base- differs from transparent only in the content of one element - titanium dioxide. This is white food coloring E171. The white soap base is completely opaque and has shades ranging from milky white to beige. It is easy to make your own white base by simply adding titanium dioxide to a hot clear soap base and stirring thoroughly. To evenly distribute titanium dioxide in soap, it is better to first dissolve it in glycerin and only then add it to a transparent soap base.

Organic soap base- this product is a cross between soap made from scratch and a glycerin base. It is considered the most natural, brewed from tropical oils, glycerin and a minimal amount of surfactants. But it has a peculiar smell and a yellowish color (since no bleaching or odor suppressing components are added to it). Not transparent. But at the same time it is perfect even for sensitive skin. Organic soap base is rightfully considered the safest, healthiest, and highest quality.

Creamy base- resembles a soft grainy white cream, ideal for making soap for sensitive skin. Designed for creating various peelings, scrubs, as well as for decoration solid soap. Does not require additional “cooking”. Easy to use. To make a scrub, it is enough to add essential and base oils, as well as abrasive particles, to a soft soap base. The advantage of a soft soap base is that it interacts with oils much better than a hard soap base. Therefore, the content of oils that you add to your cosmetics will be higher in the final product.

Liquid soap base- suitable for creating shampoos, shower gels, bath foams and more. Finished product. Easy to use. Does not require remelting. Liquid base concentrates have a neutral pH level and are therefore safe for the body. It accepts base oils well and is gentle on the skin. Easy to paint and creates a nice light foam. With the help of various decoctions, oils and other useful ingredients, you will always have healthy and natural cosmetics at home.

So, to make soap from the base you need:

soap base, dishes for a water bath (or microwave), scales, molds, measuring spoons, base oils, essential oils, fillers.

The first step is to cut the soap base into small pieces. Next, melt it in a water bath (or in the microwave). The secret to making good soap is to only heat it until the base melts. The base should never be allowed to heat up to more than 60-65ºC. Under no circumstances should you bring the soap to a boil; the soap will dry out.

While the base is melting, you can add a little milk or cream to make a creamy mass. Instead of milk, you can add a drop of water or a decoction of herbs, but water can cause the soap to separate. It is best to replace water and milk with sugar, this will allow the base to melt faster and better.

When the base is no longer exposed to heat, you need to add the remaining components: these can be perfumes, aromatic essential oils, glycerin, dyes or natural products such as vanilla or honey or other components of your choice.

Now you need to pour the soap into a mold and spray the surface of the soap with alcohol from a spray bottle, this will remove bubbles on the surface. We leave the soap in the molds until it hardens completely; you can put it in the refrigerator or a cool place. After about 2-3 days, the soap will be completely dry and ready for use.

You can add 100 grams to a store-bought soap base.:

3-7 drops of essential oils

no more than 1 teaspoon of base oils

about 20 ml of herbal decoction, milk, etc.

3-4 drops of flavoring

1-7 drops of liquid dye

up to 1/3 teaspoon of pigment or mother of pearl

up to 3 tsp cosmetic clay, honey, ground herbs and much more.

Making soap from scratch.

The so-called “from scratch” soap is obtained by a chemical reaction between alkali and fatty acids (the process of saponification occurs). Fatty acids can be vegetable oils, butters, waxes and animal fats. Depending on the soap consistency you want to get, choose the type of alkali: for liquid - potassium hydroxide (KOH), solid - sodium hydroxide (NaOH), for creamy - a mixture of both.

Since this type of soap making involves working with alkali, it is necessary Necessarily will take care of safety precautions, therefore - remove all food products from the table where you will work, cover the surface with oilcloth. In addition, you will need a mask, safety glasses, rubber gloves and vinegar. The latter will come in handy if alkali suddenly gets on the skin - in this case, you should immediately drop a drop of vinegar on the affected area.

Just like making soap from finished base, when making soap “from scratch”, it is necessary to prepare all the equipment used in advance, so as not to be distracted from the process later. Let me make a reservation right away that all the utensils used will have to be donated for your exciting hobby, since it will no longer be suitable for food products. And one more nuance - the dishes and tools used must be made of wood, heat-resistant glass, enameled (without damage or chips), stainless steel, plastic that can withstand high temperatures or special silicone. Cookware made from other materials may react with the lye or simply melt, so be careful.

Necessary equipment when making soap from scratch:

Kitchen scales with an accuracy of up to 0.1 grams; if you plan to make soap with a volume of over 0.5 kg, then scales with an accuracy of 1 gram are suitable;

A container that meets our safety requirements - for mixing the components of the future soap;

A larger pan is for a water bath;

A large and preferably high heat-resistant container for making an alkaline solution, since the reaction of alkali with water occurs very violently, until the water boils;

A stick for stirring this solution (glass or porcelain);

A plastic strainer for straining the solution will not hurt, although you can also use simple gauze here;

Disposable utensils (such as a plastic cup) or a regular plastic container to weigh out the lye;

Thermometers for oil and alkaline solution;

Mixer or immersion blender (hand);

pH meter or indicator strips for measuring pH levels;

Spoon for mixing soap mass (preferably made of wood);

Soap molds; thick cloth or towels for wrapping the soap.

How to make soap from scratch - general sequence of actions:

We create a recipe for our future soap (we select the necessary oils and calculate the weight of the components using a special “soap calculator”);

We weigh our oils (including waxes and fats, if provided for in the recipe), and it is better to place solid and liquid oils in separate containers;

Weigh the required amount of water (or ice), which should be clean bottled;

Separately weigh the oils for superfat and the selected additives and fillers;

Solid oils and wax - set to melt in a water bath;

- “we arm ourselves” with our protective equipment - we put on a respirator, an apron, goggles and gloves;

We weigh the lye - carefully, trying not to spill it past the dishes;

Place the container for obtaining an alkaline solution with water (or ice) in the sink and turn it on cold water(for faster cooling of dishes when a chemical reaction begins);

Pour the lye into the container in small portions, stirring; if you use ice, it will immediately begin to melt;

After the alkali has completely dissolved, pour the solution into the oil mixture through a strainer so that there are no undissolved crystals in it that could cause a thermal burn to the skin and mix thoroughly.

At cold using this method, you will need an average of one hour of time, but the finished soap will need to “mature” for about another month after production, to complete the process of saponification of the oils and acquire the qualities we need.

At hot method - the soap has to be boiled for at least two to three hours. This method requires some preparation, but we can use the finished soap in about a day! I think you need to try both options and choose the most optimal method for yourself - how to make soap from scratch.

Useful additives in soap making.

Nourishing oils.

To make the soap even more beneficial and soft for the skin, you can add nourishing oils to it. They are solid (batter) and liquid. The most common batters- cocoa butter, coconut, palm kernel, shea butter, mango.

Among liquid The most commonly used oils are olive, almond, walnut, grape seed, sea buckthorn, jojoba, etc. All vegetable oils contain a complex of vitamins and fatty acids that are beneficial for the skin, each has nutritional and protective properties and each is good in its own way, but choose Of these, you can only decide which one will be most beneficial for your skin individually.

The total amount of oil added should not exceed 3-5%. You should not overdo it, otherwise the soap may not foam well. Also, excess oil can appear on the surface of the finished soap and ruin its appearance. Coconut, palm and castor oils among others useful properties They also improve foaming.

Soap fillers

You can add a variety of fillers to soap, depending on what additional properties you want to give it. To make the soap more useful - moisturizing and caring for the skin, you can add honey, concentrated aloe vera gel, glycerin, liquid vitamins (for example, aevit or a complex of vitamins E, C and beta-carotene), plant extracts intended for cosmetics.

For additional cleansing, for example, oily or problematic skin, add cosmetic clay - blue, white, black, pink, as well as fine sea salt. These components also saturate the skin with valuable minerals.

You can make a scrub soap by adding ground oatmeal, bran, coffee, grated cocoa, sugar, salt, specially processed apricot or peach pits, crushed natural mother-of-pearl, etc. Due to the foam, such soap will be more gentle and delicate , rather than a regular scrub, to cleanse and exfoliate the skin. Dry herbs and flowers also act as a light peeling agent and also decorate the finished soap.

You can make soap more attractive and interesting with the help of coffee beans, citrus zest, whole dried flowers, oatmeal, coconut flakes and the like. Poppy seeds, which also play the role of a scrub, look very beautiful in colored transparent soap.

Please note that only dry plants and spices can be put into the soap base - fresh herbs, flowers, and zest will soon begin to deteriorate. And many dried flowers, for example, lavender, heather, rose petals, lose their color in soap and simply turn brown.

Sometimes larger inclusions are added to soap, for example loofah- natural washcloth of plant origin. The result is a two-in-one product - both soap and a washcloth - with which you can wash and do a light superficial body massage at the same time.

Sometimes jewelry and toys made of plastic or rubber are fused into soap.

Essential oils.

Essential oils not only give soap a pleasant smell, but also have a healing effect on the skin and the body as a whole. For example, tea tree oil is an excellent antiseptic and helps in treating oily, acne-prone skin, chamomile is good for delicate baby and sensitive skin, lavender soothes and relieves stress, and cheerful citrus scents improve your mood. Essential oils are selected individually, depending on the needs of the skin, but first of all, you should like their smell. You need to be careful with essential oils, as due to their high concentration they can cause irritation and even an allergic reaction. Essential oils have natural aromas because they are extracted from various parts of plants.

Flavors and fragrances.

To add aroma to soap, fragrances or food flavorings are used. Fragrance is a complex mixture of organic substances. A fragrance contains many substances with individual odors, and a mixture of these odors provides the fragrance with an individual aroma. The intensity of a soap's odor is determined by the concentration of fragrance in the soap. The perfume composition has a multifaceted aroma that changes over time and combines floral, fruity, woody, fresh and other notes.

Food flavorings are chemical compounds coordinated with each other that form the taste and aroma characteristic of a particular food product. Food flavoring is 30..50, and sometimes more than 100 individual components coordinated with each other. These components can be either natural or identical to natural, or artificial aromatic substances. The areas of application of flavorings are limited only by your imagination. When choosing a flavoring agent, you should not draw a conclusion based on the initial “sharp” or “weak” impression of the aroma - these are “top notes” that may not appear at all in the finished product. Good result allows the use of several aromatic additives in one product. This can be the combined use of different flavors to obtain a bouquet of aromas. There are special fragrances for cosmetics on sale. Of course, they are not natural, but they are quite safe for the skin and give the soap aromas that cannot be achieved using essential oils.

In order for the process of making soap to be pleasant and positive, and the result to please you, you should pay attention to some common mistakes made by soap makers:

The very first thing: when starting soap making, you need to clearly know what you want to get as a result. Beginners should follow this rule. It’s better to sit down and write down how you are going to add the ingredients, the sequence of actions. Because when the process has begun, sometimes you have to act quickly;

The soap base should not be overheated and brought to a boil. When overheated, the factory soap base loses liquid, the transparent base becomes cloudy, and unnecessary bubbles or foam appear. When the liquid at the base evaporates, the pH level changes and our soap becomes worse in quality;

For melting, be sure to take dishes with handles;

To make baby soap easier to grate, warm it up a little;

If the soap does not lather, feels greasy to the touch, or has droplets of oil on it, then you have added too many base and essential oils;

Do not add too many abrasive components to the soap - the scrub will be too harsh. If you put too few of them, they will all settle at the bottom of the mold;

There is no need to add water to the soap base. Adding water is necessary when making soap from scratch or from baby soap. It won't do any good in a soap base.

When adding various components to soap, you should consider the following:

Sugar, chocolate, honey melt soap well. To make it healthier, you can add honey to the base - but not too much. Chocolate per 100 grams of base - 1 cube. Gives an intense brown color and a slight odor. It takes a little longer to harden. Honey and sugar are very important when melting baby soap shavings.

Powdered vanilla and cinnamon do not give the expected scent in the soap. Vanilla gives the soap a yellowish tint over time. This also applies to soap from scratch.

Rose petals in handmade soap can take on a very unexpected green color- it is better to decorate with soap roses.

Hibiscus flowers (hibiscus) are also useless to add to the soap mass - they do not color at all, but themselves become gray.

Adding salt to soap also has its own characteristics. If you make soap from scratch, add salt at the light trace stage, when after mixing the lye and oils the mass thickens slightly. When added to a hot soap mass from baby soap, it separates it into water and soap flakes. Salt thickens the soap base very quickly. After hardening, the salt may form crystals on the surface of the soap. Salt soap is almost not colored by food coloring.

Crystalline menthol is diluted with alcohol, preferably alcohol. It also works well in soap base.

All dry additives to the soap base settle at the bottom of the mold. This applies to scrubbing agents and powder dyes.

Zelenka in soap does not give such a bright emerald color. She is fading.

A lot of coffee powder in soap or dry herbs will feel like a hard washcloth on the skin. And this is not always pleasant.

Coffee liquid does not give off a coffee smell.

There is no need to color the soap with potassium permanganate! In the best case, it will simply dry out, in the worst case, you may not notice, unmixed manganese crystals will end up in the soap and then on your skin. There may be a burn.

Organic additives (petals, seeds and fibers) must be placed dry. If you add poorly dried additives (fresh petals, herbs or orange slices), they will mold inside the soap.

When making soap with loofah, there is no need to soak it. A soap base combined with water and a porous loofah will produce a lot of foam and excess liquid in the soap.

The usual strong aroma of store-bought soap is achieved by fragrances, and not by natural essential oils. Essential oils do not smell much.

Do not use essential oils and fragrances, fragrances, and scents at the same time. There must be one thing.

When dry mint is added to soap, the soap will have an unpleasant odor.

Red wine, raspberry and beet juices turn the soap gray.

Dry dyes must first be dissolved in a base oil or liquid, otherwise they may remain grains.

Making soap at home is a very exciting and creative process. So choose which method you prefer and experiment.

Good luck and creative success))

Beginner soap makers are recommended to train on ordinary children's soap without additives or fragrances. If you are confident in yourself, then purchase professional soap base in specialized stores. They sell white, transparent and multi-colored bases with the addition of oils in packages of 250, 500 and 1,000 grams.

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What to buy:

Base oil

It can be anything: coconut, almond, olive, castor, grape and apricot seeds. The oil consists almost entirely of organic compounds: fatty acids, vitamins, waxes, microelements, which are extremely beneficial for the skin.

Add no more than ½ teaspoon of oil to 100 g of soap base. An overdose of essential oils can cause severe allergies, and the soap will stop lathering.

There are many varieties of base oils, each of which has its own therapeutic effect and imbues homemade soap with skin-beneficial properties.

Base oil	Skin type	Property
From apricot kernels	Any	Saturates the skin with vitamins: A, B, C, E, F. Moisturizes, softens, increases elasticity, normalizes the function of the sebaceous glands
From grape seeds	Oily and mixed	Regulates the function of sweat glands, restores the natural oiliness of the skin
Castor	Dry and mixed	Removes pigment spots well, whitens and nourishes the skin, fights fine wrinkles
Almond	Any	Saturates the skin with vitamins E and F, moisturizes, normalizes the function of the sebaceous glands, prevents expansion
Coconut	Any	Protects skin from ultraviolet rays, smoothes and makes it softer
Eucalyptus	Oily and mixed	Used for skin whitening, treatment of furunculosis and acne
Sage	Oily and mixed	Smoothes wrinkles, normalizes the functioning of the sebaceous glands. An excellent remedy for combating acne and other skin problems
Palm	Any	Is an antioxidant and natural source of vitamin E
cocoa	Any	Accelerates the process of restoration of damaged skin cells, eliminating various cosmetic defects

What to buy:

Single-color handmade soap can be made using water-soluble food dyes.

• Cocoa and coffee will make the soap chocolatey.
• Chamomile infusion will give the soap a yellow tint.
• Saffron and curry - bright yellow.
• Spinach, dill and parsley - green.
• Beet juice - red or pink.
• Chamomile essential oil - blue.

Do not use red rose petals (gives a dirty gray color) or hibiscus tea (gives a dirty green color) to create red shades.

Natural dyes have low light fastness and fade quickly in the sun. Therefore, such soap must be stored in a dark place.

For multi-color pour-over soaps, liquid or dry pigment is used in standard and neon shades. Pigment dyes give a bright, rich color and make the soap slightly matte. Before adding to the soap base, the dry pigment must be ground with oil or glycerin.

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Mother of pearl, a mineral dye in powder form, gives homemade soap a beautiful shimmer and shine. It perfectly emphasizes the relief of the product. Mother of pearl is used in soaps with a transparent base and is applied to the surface of the product with a brush or fingertip.

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This dye does not need to be pre-dissolved and is added dry to the molten base.

What to buy:

Supplements

To give homemade soap additional properties, various additives are used: glycerin, cream, honey, herbal infusions, dried flowers.

For example, during the preparation process you can add finely ground coffee, oatmeal, and ground nut shells to the scrub soap. Some of these compositions are easy to prepare yourself. But, for example, you will have to purchase bamboo or baobab fruit powder.

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What to buy:

What tools are needed?

1. Heat-resistant containers with a spout that can be heated in a microwave oven or in a water bath.
2. Silicone 2D and 3D molds for soap.
3. Alcohol for lubricating the surface of molds and better connecting soap layers. The alcohol must be kept in a spray bottle with a volume of 30–150 ml.
4. Glass or wooden sticks for mixing the soap base.
5. Thermometer for liquids.

What to buy:

How to make homemade soap

Step 1

Prepare all the necessary components in advance: dyes, oils, fillers, and so on. Cut the soap base into small cubes and melt it in a water bath. Make sure that the base temperature does not rise above 60 °C. Otherwise, bubbles will form in the soap and its quality will deteriorate.

Step 2

When the soap base is completely melted, add any base oil you like, dye and one teaspoon of filler, for example, ground. In this case, coffee will act as a dye and give the product a deep chocolate shade.

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Step 3

Pour the mixture into the mold, after sprinkling it with alcohol from a spray bottle. If you are working with several layers, then when pouring a new one, do not forget to spray the previous one with alcohol and lightly scratch its surface for better adhesion of the layers. The surface of the soap can be decorated with whole coffee beans.

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Step 4

Place the mold in a cool place for 2 hours (never in the freezer!). Then remove the soap from the mold, immerse it in hot water for a few minutes, and place it on paper to dry for 1-2 days. The finished soap must be stored in breathable packaging. For example, in cling film.

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Bonus: 4 homemade soap recipes

Homemade face soap

• white soap base;
• 2 tablespoons lanolin oil;
• 1 teaspoon of any aromatic oil;
• 1 tablespoon of chopped oatmeal;
• 1 tablespoon ground almonds.

Chocolate and vanilla

• soap base;
• a few drops of vanilla essential oil;
• 1 teaspoon almond oil;
• 1 teaspoon ground coffee;
• a few drops of honey and ylang-ylang oil.

Strawberries and cream

• opaque soap base;
• ½ teaspoon olive oil;
• ½ teaspoon strawberry seed oil;
• red or pink dye;
• 2 tablespoons cream;
• strawberry and cream flavorings.

Pink dream

• white soap base;
• 1 tablespoon pink clay;
• 1 teaspoon apricot essential oil;
• 5 drops vanilla oil;

Useful tips

Until about 1916, making soap at home was a common occurrence.

Using leftover animal fats, as well as various additives, families prepared their own detergents for cleaning clothes and for personal hygiene purposes.

During World War II, when animal fats were available in limited quantities, German scientists developed synthetic detergents, and as a result Soap as we know it today was born.

Homemade soap became less popular, and gradually its use faded away.

In recent years the process home soap making is reborn.

Making soap at home

Homemade soap is easy on your wallet: you can make a lot of soap, and it will cost you less than buying the same amount in the store, you can also use old soap remnants to create new soap.

Homemade soap is good for your body: it does not contain the potentially harmful chemicals found in commercial soaps.

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Homemade soap is good for environment: it contains no synthetic materials that accumulate in sewer systems for years wastewater and ultimately threaten natural resources.

Before you begin making your own soap, it should be emphasized that this process can be dangerous. Although you quickly adapt to the process, you should only start creating when the safety procedure is fully understood.

A little general information about homemade soap

Soap is a combination of water and lye with the addition of various oils. Water and lye are quite difficult to combine correctly because they must be brought to similar temperatures.

How to make soap at home

When mixing lye and water, the resulting substance becomes very hot, so it must be allowed to cool before adding oils.

Oils must be heated very carefully. Each oil has its own saponification index, which tells you how much lye is needed to turn that oil into soap. Therefore, if you use coconut oil, do not replace it with olive oil.

Lye is very caustic, therefore, do not allow it to come into contact with your skin. It also produces hazardous fumes, so wear a respirator and safety glasses when using it.

You will also need a mold to pour the soap into. Take any one you like. You can take one large one, then a large piece of the resulting soap will need to be cut, use a metal string for this, since It is not safe to do this with a knife.

The hardest part about making soap is knowing when it's ready. This is judged by a state called "next". This is a condition when a drop of soap remains on the surface without spreading quickly.

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Try to set the speed of distribution of a drop of honey on the tabletop. The situation is similar with ready-made soap.

Homemade soap: recipes

Here are the ingredients to make standard soap:

- 700 ml purified water

- 270 grams of lye(dilute it in a large measuring cup and stir with a wooden stick used for Chinese food)

- oils(mixed in a large container):

1) 1 liter of olive oil (use cheap olive oil, virgin is not suitable)

2) coconut oil (390 g or 500 ml)

3) grape seed oil (515 g or 500 ml)

Making soap at home

Heat the lye mixture and oils separately until 40 degrees Celsius. Then, after heating, very slowly pour the lye into the oil mixture. Next, lower the blender into the same container and mix the contents in short bursts for three minutes.

Instead of a blender, you can use a whisk, then the work will progress slower and you will need to constantly scrape the mass from the walls of the pan with a spatula. If you are seriously interested in making homemade soap, that is, it makes sense to use a separate, simplest blender for these purposes.

It also makes sense to purchase such a thing as a thermometer, a necessary device in the household, not only for making soap. But some homemade soap lovers say that they can determine the desired degree of heating even without a thermometer. To the touch.

Finally add 10 ml of cinnamon oil. The less you add, the better it will be. In theory, the soap hardens very quickly at this stage.

Pour the resulting mixture into the prepared pan. Wrap the mold in a warm blanket and leave for 24 hours. This will keep you warm and help the chemical reaction happen.

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The next day, cut it into manageable pieces, place it on wrapping paper and put it in a cool place. After two weeks, turn the soap over to the other side. After a month you can start using it.

Making soap at home

However, if you are afraid to work with lye, or have trouble getting it, then don’t worry, There is another way to make your own soap. By making your own soap this way, you will find a use for your old remnants that have been lying idle in the bathroom for a long time.

This soap is called milled soap because it consists of processed remnants of regular soap.

DIY homemade soap

What you need to make this soap:

- 3 pieces of regular white soap without smell

- stainless steel or glass container

Water or coconut milk

Small saucepan

Wooden spoon

Supplements (essential oils, herbs, colloidal oatmeal, lavender, etc.)

Plastic molds

Making soap for beginners at home

1. Grate the soap in a stainless steel container. The result should be about 2 cups of grated soap.

2. Melt the soap. To do this, add half a glass of water or milk to the soap flakes (it will make the soap soft). The liquid should only dampen the soap a little, because if you overdo it, it will take longer to make.

Place the pan inside a larger pot of water to create a water bath. Over low heat, gently stir the resulting mixture with a wooden spoon so that the soap does not stick to the bottom of the container. Be careful not to create foam when stirring.

Do this until the soap melts. If you feel like it's starting to dry out, just add a little milk or water. The resulting mixture should be translucent and slightly rough.

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3. Add other ingredients. Remove the soap from the heat and add those ingredients that you want to see in your soap, remembering to mix the mixture thoroughly. There are a lot of soap recipes, choose the one you like or create your own. You can add a few drops of your favorite perfume.

4. Place soap into molds. You can use any plastic rectangular container or individual ramekins. In this case, you are limited only by your imagination.

5. Refrigerate the soap. After the soap has been in the molds for a few minutes, it should be placed in the freezer for 1 hour to make the soap easier to remove from the mold.

6. After this, the soap should lie down approximately three weeks in a well-ventilated area. Once completely hardened, your soap is ready to use!

DIY soap for beginners

Soap Making: Important Soap Making Tips

1. Be sure to make sure that everything you need is at hand before starting the procedure.

There's nothing worse than trying out a new thing and then realizing halfway through that something is missing.

In addition to the main components - the components of the recipe, to “set up a soap making station” you will need the following tools:

a) rubber gloves and safety glasses;

b) two large bowls, made of material that does not react with alkali (durable plastic, stainless steel, glass). Do not use cookware made of fragile plastic, aluminum, tin or wood;

c) various measuring spoons for mixing. You'll need at least one heat-resistant plastic or stainless steel spoon to stir the lye, and a wooden spoon, whisk, or rubber spatula to join the elements together;

Measuring spoons come in handy if you plan to add essential oils to your soap;

d) measuring cup for liquids;

e) two thermometers to measure the temperature of your liquids;

e) soap molds. It is best to use molds made of glass, plastic or stainless steel. Wooden and cardboard molds will also work as long as you line them with wax paper.

g) paper towels, to immediately wipe up any spills. Especially if you are working with lye, a paper towel should always be on hand.

The list will vary depending on the type you are making and the ingredients you are adding.

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2. Measure exact amounts of all ingredients

Whether you're making soap completely from scratch or making it from leftovers, follow the instructions strictly. recipe .

In some cases, inaccuracies in measurements can result in ending up with a smelly, unattractive batch of soap.

Three guarantees against failure:

Accurate scales capable of measuring the smallest weights;

An alkaline calculator available online, for example, this ;

Two accurate thermometers (to measure the temperature of the lye/water and oils, which should be the same).

Different oils require different amounts of alkali for saponification, so before you start, make sure you know soap index selected oils.

3. Learn more about the dangers of lye, or don't use it at all.

One of the main ingredients of soap, as we already know, is a very caustic substance - sodium hydroxide or alkali.

People have made soap at home for centuries without incident, but it is still a dangerous substance, and handling it requires a lot of attention and concentration.

Lye in any form can strip paint, eat through textiles, or, worse, burn your skin or eyes.

To protect yourself from all hazards, be sure to wear long sleeves, rubber gloves, and safety glasses when making soap. Residues of raw materials are also dangerous, so even when getting rid of them you need to be as careful as possible.

If alkali gets on your skin, immediately use vinegar. to neutralize its effect, and if alkali spills on any surface, then immediately wash it off with water and a cleaning agent.

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Even alkali vapor can burn, so work in a well-ventilated area. For those looking for simpler and safer ways to make soap at home, there are the options discussed above.

4. Try it various methods soap making

The great thing about making soap at home is that you can control the entire process.

You also have several options at your disposal when it comes to exactly how you make your soap. You are not limited to the standard soap making process of adding lye/water to oils. This method is known as cold process.

Another method, no less popular, is hot process, in which lye/water and oils are heated to a certain temperature and only then mixed.

The hot soap making process will take you less time than the cold process.

Intimidated by the thought of using lye, or just want to turn the process into a game with the kids? Simply melt soap or unscented soap and add your desired ingredients. This was also discussed above.

If you want to take a more complex route and turn the process of making soap into real creativity, then try creating liquid or felt soap.

5. Experiment with different recipes or create your own

When it comes to making soap from scratch, you can use animal oils, such as beef tallow, or vegetable/canola oil, or Instead of water, use milk, tea or even beer.

In addition to the main ingredients, add all possible additives, these can be essential oils, spices, various herbs, and even decorative elements, such as rose petals and much more.

The best thing to do is find a basic recipe that you like and experiment with it.

Be sure to test additives before using them because some may not behave as you would like in your soap. For example, essential oils must be mixed with olive oil, which neutralizes the effect of their irritating components.

Once you get the hang of this, you will definitely face the fact that one day you will end up with something completely different from what you wanted. Don't throw away what you receive, recycle it, grate it and create something else, or cut it into small pieces and add bright spots to your new masterpieces.