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Many people like to decorate their T-shirts and clothes with various designs or inscriptions. Some housewives paint curtains or upholstered furniture in their home, making the interior original. Such designs on fabric are made using the batik method using special paints. If you have not experienced this kind of work personally, you should find out what this technique is.
Batik for beginners: drawing on clothes
The art of decorating fabrics came to us from the East. You can learn to do it yourself cold batik for beginners, the master class is quite simple:
1) To learn this technique, you will have to purchase a special kit for working with paint reserves and fabric dyes. You will also need a frame for stretching the fabric.
2) Attach the material to the frame. The fabric can be cotton, silk or crepe de Chine. If you want to create a small display, you can use a hoop.
3) Place a sketch of the future design under the fabric. But do not let the surfaces touch, otherwise the fabric may get dirty. You can use either stenciled or your own sketches. If you have a rich imagination and have artistic skills, draw a picture yourself.
4) Start using the reserve to complete the contours of the drawing. It must be continuous. After this, let the paint dry.
5) Be careful when coloring the drawing so that there are no extra lines. After all, it is almost impossible to remove paint from the surface.
6) After finishing applying the drawing, let it dry. Next you need to fix the paint on the fabric. This can be done by ironing the designs with an iron.
You can completely dye the fabric a different color. This is usually done by housewives who want to change the curtains. Why buy new ones if the old ones can be repainted.
“Batik” can be used to create dumplings. To make yourself an original T-shirt, you need:
1) Prepare a black T-shirt.
2) Apply the desired design or inscription on it with wax.
3) Dilute bleach in water and dip the T-shirt in it. After a while, pull it out.
4) Remove wax from the fabric and wash the item. Now you can surprise your friends with your original wardrobe.
How to paint with batik
If you want to decorate the walls in your home, you can paint a picture using the batik technique:
1) Secure the fabric to the frame.
2) Use the reserve compound to follow the contour of the desired pattern.
3) Paint the necessary areas, remove the composition.
4) Iron the fabric to set the dyes. You can insert the product into a frame and decorate the wall with it. Paintings in the batik style are quite simple for beginners. Do this with your children, it will be useful for them to get involved in creativity.
There is also an African way of decorating fabrics. It is done using templates. Think about what type of fabric print you need and find an item of that shape. Dip one tip of your template into melted wax and stamp onto the fabric. You can choose the frequency and direction yourself. Paint the product in the desired color, remove the wax. The dress with polka dots or hearts is ready. If you are not an expert in painting clothes, do “batik” for beginners: paintings, small drawings on pieces of fabric.
Nowadays “knotted batik” is very popular. The fabric must be twisted well and tied with thread so that it does not fall apart.
Use a brush to paint and saturate your knot with paint. It is better to use different colors to make the drawing more interesting. When the paint is well absorbed into the fabric, let it dry and unroll the product. You will get an unusual and bright color. Smooth out the fabric and you are ready to wear.
Educational video lessons
Usage templates for batik does not mean blindly redrawing ready-made plant forms and filling them with color. Although many novice artists can use this method in mastering a new craft.
Composing original compositions based on existing ready-made ornaments is no less difficult than the initial composition of these same ornaments. Successful combinations of ornamental forms in accordance with the laws of composition allow you to create a harmonious work of art. Therefore, sometimes an artist must have at hand ready-made templates for painting using batik technique or for any other applied arts. A separate section is devoted to composition, which you can find on our website.
For example, in the composition of the Dahlia scarf presented below, various ornaments are used, united by a common composition. Here are dahlia flowers as such in the frontal projection and stylized ornamental motifs of the same flowers in the background. All this is complemented by dividing the general plane of the scarf into segments where one or another ornament is present.
As a rule, plant forms are stylized. Leaves, flowers, trees, individual plant elements, right down to stamens and pistils, undergo transformation. The heyday of stylization of plant forms in the history of art occurs, perhaps, in the Art Nouveau era.
An example of stylization is the sketches of Eugene Grasset, a representative of the Art Nouveau era. The transformation of plant form is based on a deep and thorough analysis of the natural form of the plant.
Let's take a look at some unique templates that you can use in your creativity. They can be printed for batik or glass painting ready-made or based on them to create a more complex composition.
The use of ornaments and patterns in work makes it easier to master composition and allows you to create new works of art.
Success in creative work!
Tulips using the Batik technique. Master class with step-by-step photos
Author: Maksimova Nadezhda Yuryevna MADOU “ Kindergarten combined type No. 239", Kemerovo
Description: this master class is intended for children older than school age, primary school age.
Purpose: a souvenir can serve as an interior decoration or can be presented as a gift.
Target: introducing children to the art of batik.
Tasks:
1. Introduce children to this type of arts and crafts as “batik”.
2. Learn to use fabric paints and contours correctly and carefully.
3. Learn to use the salt technique.
4. Develop the ability to perform work step by step.
5. Develop visual-figurative thinking, imagination, fantasy.
6. Develop an interest in arts and crafts.
7. Create a desire to make a craft with your own hands.
Materials and tools required for work: wooden frame, buttons, piece of silk fabric, acrylic paint on silk, outline for drawing on fabric, sketch of a drawing on paper.
Painting fabric using the batik technique is not so easy. This is a rather complex and time-consuming process. But the work done using this technique is very beautiful and effective. In addition, the process can be simplified if the outline of the design is already applied to the toned fabric, and instead of a special reserve, which is blown out of special tubes, special contours can be used. Children 5-7 years old are quite capable of creating their first masterpieces. Of course, it is better to choose a simpler drawing for the sketch of the first works.
The main stages of creating a painting using the “cold batik” technique:
- preparation of all materials for painting
- selection of fabric (preferably silk, crepe de Chine, or artificial)
- creating a sketch on paper
- stretching the fabric (pre-washed so that there are no problems with “shrinkage” in the future) onto the frame
- background fill
- transferring the sketch to fabric
- outlining the sketch
- check that there are no leaks
- filling the main elements with color
- fixing the painting with an iron (sometimes this is not required, it all depends on the paints)
Usually thin, dense and smooth fabrics such as cotton and silk are used for batik. But you can experiment with synthetic fabric. The fabric must be washed before use.
We stretch the fabric onto the frame. I use a frame into which I will then place the finished work. But it must be turned over so as not to stain the front side with paint. Leave allowances on the fabric of 2-3 cm.
I use buttons.
First I secure the top corner and the one opposite it.
Then the bottom corner, and the opposite one. At the same time, I slightly stretch the fabric. Children, of course, need help at this stage. How beautifully and evenly the paint will lie depends on how the fabric is stretched correctly.
Then stick the buttons at a short distance from each other.
In order for the paint to spread beautifully, we wet the fabric with a brush. Choose a wider brush.
Let's create a background for our picture. Using green and yellow acrylic paint.
Apply green paint in stripes. At a distance from each other.
We draw the yellow stripes, stepping onto the already painted green ones. Wet colors will merge and form a smooth transition.
The salt effect looks very nice. While the paint has not dried, sprinkle it on the required area. The salt crystals will partially absorb the pigment and blurry white spots will appear.
A pre-prepared sketch is placed under the frame. The design should be visible through the material. Using a pencil, draw it onto the fabric. But you can immediately draw with a contour if the drawing is not complex. In this case, the hand movements are more confident, and we avoid the effect of a trembling line. Although, whatever suits you!
We outline the drawing using a black outline, which will prevent the paint from going beyond the boundaries of the drawing. It is important that the contour penetrates well into the fabric and the lines are closed.
Let's start painting flowers. Work with a brush, stepping back a little from the contour line so that the paint does not spread beyond its boundaries. You can pre-moisten the area you will be working with with clean water. This gives a more effective blur of colors.
Use a lighter red paint first, without allowing it to dry, then apply a darker shade of paint on top.
You can sprinkle with salt.
We paint the stems and leaves, also using paints of several shades. You can add another color, such as yellow.
After the work has dried, carefully shake off the salt and fix the paint by ironing the work for at least three minutes. Frame it.
Coloring fabric is a very affordable activity even at home. Nowadays it is provided huge selection paints and tools on sale. This article provides information, if not all, then the main secrets of batik for beginners, master classes on making an exclusive silk scarf, as well as a story about some of the methods and features of painting on fabric.
Application of batik
Batik is used primarily on natural fabrics, although there are dyes for synthetic textiles. It is rarely used, since working with silk and cotton is a pleasure for artists and beginners. Painting fabric is useful in many cases, for example, for creating paintings. Water stains and clear boundaries, floating tints of colors are allowed on fabric much faster than on paper.
Creation individual style and clothing coloring for silk blouses, scarves, cotton bedding sets or t-shirts, dresses. At home, it is quite possible and most importantly to safely paint an item with special paints on fabric.
Features by art
Paints are labeled according to their intended purpose and have accompanying instructions for use. Acrylic and aniline paints are diluted with water, but do not rush to get it from the tap. Water should be used pre-purified or distilled to avoid unsightly stains due to impurities in the water. Although on the contrary, if you specifically add the usual table salt into the solution, you can paint beautiful spotted drops.
In batik, painting usually begins with the application of a special reserve compound that will limit the paint.
It is applied in such a way that closed islands are formed, and if everything is done correctly, it will completely prevent paint from getting beyond the boundaries of the design.
Paints are mostly water-based, so you can vary the shades and saturation by diluting them in water. The brushes used are mostly synthetic. On silk and thin fabrics, light aniline dyes are often used; acrylic is taken as a heavy film and it is advisable to use it either in a very diluted form, which will lead to a loss of brightness of the colors, or on dense fabrics. However, rubber applications are quite common on T-shirts, which in most cases do not spoil the look.
To paint on fabric, you need to stock up not only with paints and a special solution for the reserve, but also with quite exotic tools - tubes for liquid reserve based on gasoline and rubber glue and copper chanting, if hot wax is used.
The fabric is secured to a frame made of wooden slats using buttons. You can use a board if the amount of work is small. Pictures are also applied different ways. Depending on the degree of artistic skills, you can use stencils and templates, or paint by hand with brushes.
Several ways
Batik is done in several ways. The first method is called the knot method and it is done quite simply. Using special dyes, or natural ones (for example, onion skins, red cabbage, beets, spinach), make a solution in a plastic or enamel container; it will still be colored so that you can’t wash it off with anything, so take what you don’t mind. The fabric is then tied tightly with threads and dipped in dyes.
Cold batik is the use of gasoline reserve, the outlines of the design are applied with a glass tube, then hand-painted with paints and brushes.
The hot batik technique is performed using melted wax and immersing the product in dye. Drawings of all types and methods of coloring will differ from each other.
Fabric painting at home
Let's look at a clear example of creating a silk scarf with your own hands.
We will need a number of materials and tools, which, however, are commercially available:
- Silk size 35*160 cm;
- Reserve for cold batik based on gasoline;
- Glass tube for reserve;
- Paints and silk;
- Synthetic brushes of different thicknesses;
- Frame made of wooden slats;
- Push pins;
- Sketches on cardboard.
Step 1. We fix the wet silk in the stretcher using buttons. The fabric needs to be stretched well so that we can form an elastic canvas. We place the paper with the sketch underneath, now it will be easy for us to repeat the drawing.
Step 2. We apply the first touches with a reserve compound. We draw it into a glass tube with a syringe or syringe. Pour a little liquid so that when you touch the fabric it does not spread in a wide spot. Apply the composition along the contours of the drawing, avoiding breaks. You need to give the lines time to dry.
Step 3. We begin to paint the scarf with paints, wetting a large brush with boiled cold water, go over all areas, then, dipping it into the paint, make light stains. This is the first layer. Waiting for it to dry.
Are you interested in interesting hobbies? Don't miss the opportunity to try one of the oldest painting techniques - batik. A little effort and you will have a real masterpiece in your hands.
Batik is the art of applying designs to fabric, known since ancient times. For many centuries, batik items have been highly valued, and the skill of some artists has reached incredible levels. It is interesting that in many parts of the world - India, Africa, Indonesia, Japan - the art of batik has traditionally been practiced exclusively by women. Perhaps this is due to the fact that this craft requires painstaking work, attention to detail, as well as a subtle feminine flair in choosing colors.
History of magical craft
The first fabrics with patterns appeared in the 4th century BC. e.. These were the materials that the Egyptians used for the ritual burial of mummies. In the 7th century AD e. batik began to spread in China and Japan. This art has become widely known in Persia, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Peru.
Perhaps the country most famous for its unique batik is Indonesia, where the art artistic painting the fabric took root back in the 12th century. There are about three thousand variations of traditional batik images here! The patterns are applied with wax - an Indonesian technology related to hot batik. Local residents have a special attitude towards this type of art - they still believe in its magical and healing properties.
For example, in a wedding ceremony it is customary to tie the newlyweds with a batik scarf in order to unite their souls together. And in these parts it is customary to wear babies wrapped in a painted scarf thrown over the shoulder. Indonesians also believe that batik has powerful energy and can even cure illness.
Great importance is also given color scheme– it is believed that each color of batik can influence human nature in a certain way. For example, lilac-pink helps preserve beauty and prolong youth.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the art of batik became especially popular among some tribes in Africa, particularly those living in Nigeria and Senegal. The traditional Yoruba batik is called adire, which is still widely popular among Nigerians.
Following a centuries-old tradition, patterns are applied with starch paste using feathers, then the fabric is dyed with a natural indigo dye. Both casual and festive clothes are sewn from this fabric. At the same time, the drawings are a kind of code that carries the history of the tribe.
Another method of decorating fabric is also popular among African peoples: before immersing it in paint, it is stitched or tied in a certain way - this is how craftsmen get fancy patterns on the fabric. This method is also called “knotted” batik.
It enjoyed enormous popularity in the 60s and 70s of the 20th century among representatives of the hippie movement. Thanks to this dyeing of the fabric, bright psychedelic stains with a glowing effect appeared on the clothes of young people.
Types and classification of batik
Depending on the technique of execution, the following types of batik are distinguished:
- cold - for this technique, the outline of the pattern is applied with a reserve substance based on gasoline, rubber glue and paraffin;
- hot – the design is applied with a liquid wax composition (hot) not only to the outline, but also to each color; after finishing the work, the wax is removed using gasoline;
- knotted - the pattern is obtained by tying the fabric in a certain way (without using a reserve) and either dipping it in dye or applying it with a brush.
Cold batik technique
Hot technique
Sometimes in separate species They distinguish free painting, in which contour fluid (reserve) is not used, and the design is simply applied with paint.
The hot batik technology is more complex and labor-intensive, so beginners are better off sticking to the cold version. As for knotted batik, experimenting with this technique at home can be very interesting, and you can get impressive results the first time.
Features of the cold batik technique
Batik as a hobby is suitable for collected and patient people, since this process is quite labor-intensive and lengthy. However, having received the first results of your creativity, you will not regret for a minute that you chose painting on fabric. The batik technique for beginners is not much different from the technique for professionals. There are a number of requirements that must be met before taking on the job.
For cold batik it is good to have a separate workplace– a balcony or other well-ventilated room is ideal, since inhaling vapors of the reserve substance is not very good for health (it contains gasoline).
If you plan to use painted fabric for practical application(in the form of a scarf, tablecloth, etc.), then keep in mind that in this case an additional step will be required to fix the paint - otherwise, during the first wash, all the paint will be washed off.
There are several ways to secure it at home:
- baking the product in the oven at a temperature of ~ 150 degrees for 15-20 minutes (you need to put the product in a cold oven, having previously wrapped it in a white cotton cloth; after turning off the oven, the batik should not be taken out for an hour);
- steaming in a water bath without contacting the product with water or condensate (in this case, the batik is wrapped in fabric and paper several times, and then placed in a pan of boiling water so that there is about 5 centimeters to the water: or tied to the handles of the pan by strings, or attached to the mesh from above);
- fixing with an iron occurs as follows: every 10 cm2. ironed for 3 – 5 minutes (ironing mode must correspond to the fabric);
The success of fixing the colors also depends on the quality of the paints themselves, however, in any case, batik should only be washed in cool water with a small addition of vinegar.
What you need to prepare for your first lessons
Hoop or frame
If you are going to apply a design to a small area of fabric, a hoop for you is suitable. If you want to work with a large format, you will need a special frame for batik or a regular stretcher on which you will need to fasten the fabric.
On the frame, the fabric is attached to special hooks, which usually come with it. You can secure the fabric to the stretcher using a thread and a needle so that the fabric itself does not come into contact with the frame. A simpler option is also possible: secure the fabric with buttons or a furniture stapler (of course, you shouldn’t do this with silk).
Textile
For batik it is best to use thin natural fabrics: silk, cambric, double thread. Thick fabric is not suitable, since the reserve may not pass through thick fibers and an “explosion” of paint will then occur in this place - one color will flow into the territory of another. It is better to opt for cambric.
Paper
For the preliminary sketch, you will need a sheet of thin paper the same size as the batik design area.
Materials and tools
Paints, a reserve substance, a glass tube for reserve - usually all this is included in a batik kit. Sometimes you can find contour liquid, ready for application, in the form of a tube with a thin tip. In this case, a glass tube will not be needed.
You can take a more complicated route - brew a reserve at home, and instead of a straw, use bottles with suitable attachments. However, cooking a mixture of gasoline and rubber glue is not only not a pleasant task, but also a fire hazard.
Therefore, purchase a ready-made set of materials from everything you need for batik - best option. The paints in it most often come in the form of a liquid, less often in the form of a powder that needs to be diluted with water.
When working with batik, it is best to wear a work coat or clothes that you don’t mind getting dirty, as there may be problems removing paint stains. Brushes for batik should not be hard – soft synthetic or squirrel brushes are ideal.
From preparation to masterpieces
Stages of working on batik:
- At the first stage, you need to tighten the fabric so that it does not sag; batik masters often prefer to stretch the material when it is wet - after drying it becomes more elastic;
- at the second stage, the sketch is prepared - it is drawn on paper with a pencil, pressing well on the rod.
- At the third stage, the sketch is transferred to the fabric - the paper is secured under the fabric so that the lines of the design can be traced on the fabric with a pencil (a soft pencil is suitable for this purpose).
- At the fourth stage, you should outline the contours with a reserve - it will remain white (if desired, you can color the reserve using a suitable pigment); The reserve is collected in this way: the spout of a glass tube is lowered into a container with contour fluid, and a rubber syringe is inserted into the other end, with the help of which the liquid is sucked into the tube.
- At the fifth stage, you need to check the contour - after the reserve on the batik has completely dried, you need to use a brush dipped in water to go over the entire design on one side of the contour, and after a few minutes check whether the water has crossed the reserve line; if you find places where the contour is weak, you need to go over these places with the reserve again after the fabric has completely dried;
- At the sixth stage, batik is dyed.
- At the seventh stage, the batik is removed from the frame and secured by baking, steaming or ironing.
After the end of the session, the reserve must be blown back into the container and the tube must be rinsed in gasoline, otherwise the remaining reserve substance will harden and the instrument will not be suitable for further use. Finished work well framed with a wide mat.
An interesting effect is obtained from applying coarse salt to a damp dyed fabric - it leaves whitish stains, absorbing some of the paint. Sometimes, batik masters manage to create interesting compositions using exclusively this technique, even without using a reserve.
From hobby to pro
By painting fabric, you will certainly feel your involvement in high art. Batik as a hobby is especially popular today. This is due, first of all, to the fact that this type of creativity opens up enormous opportunities for self-realization for the beginning artist. By devoting time to batik, you will constantly be in search of new ideas, themes or techniques. And having felt the beauty of colors spreading over matter, drawing on paper will seem like a boring activity to you.
If you take your work seriously, you can soon become a real pro in this matter. Most people for whom batik is their main income-earning occupation once started with it as a hobby. In addition, silk painting is still highly valued, and by using ours, you can make money from this hobby.
