The main thing about batik. Batik - hand-painted fabric

Man has always, from the earliest times of his existence, sought to decorate the world around him. Everything that could even slightly change the objects, the situation surrounding him was used. ANDThe history of batik tells exactly this.

Batik - design on fabric

People always learned to paint fabric as soon as they learned to weave or knit fabrics. Of course, batik is an art, and not a utilitarian need to diversify everyday life, and it can be very subtle and elegant, requiring the master to have enormous skill in working in this interesting technique.

Technical features of batik

Despite the development of technologies and materials, the handmade art of batik still remains relevant and in demand. It is used as an independent form of art and as a way to decorate textiles - clothes, scarves, curtains, theater scenes. The word “batik” itself comes from the ancient Indian “drop of wax”. And it was wax that was originally used as the basis for partial dyeing of fabric to obtain patterns and ornaments. Moreover, this material is still used in technology. The technology of dyeing fabrics in the art of batik has several directions that are united by one principle - redundancy, that is, the protection of individual sections of the canvas in order to preserve their color during further dyeing. This principle is implemented in different ways, depending on the batik technique.

In addition to the technical side, batik also has its own artistic characteristics, because its uniqueness is a combination of many. Here you can find elements of graphics, watercolors, pastels, even stained glass and mosaics. The art of batik itself is unique in that it is very easy to master. This is a rewarding form of creativity, because any work made using this technique is a unique specimen that can be modified, if necessary, with additional decoration techniques, including embroidery or appliqué.

South Asia - the birthplace of batik

According to historians, the art of fabric dyeing (batik) was born in Indonesia. "Anbatik" means "to draw" in the local dialect. Already in those distant times, women sought to decorate their clothes. This, of course, pursued its own goals - to emphasize belonging to a certain genus with a specific color scheme and patterns. Although there were few dyes, the art of batik made it possible to create multi-colored painted fabrics.

In Indonesia batik acquired shades of ocher and indigo color - sandy undertones from thick shadow to ivory were diluted with bright blue spots of the high sky. Each clan carefully kept the secrets of preparing dye solutions, methods of applying paint, as well as batik designs. By the painted patterned clothes one could tell exactly what family a person belonged to. Various drawings were used - abstract, graphic ornaments, plot stories. The latter mainly served to create canvases for decorating temples.

Indonesia and India, where the art of batik gradually moved and received the name “bandhana,” used cotton fabrics. Hand-woven fabrics were carefully bleached and dried so that the design on them lay as clearly and evenly as possible. A unique tradition of the peoples of ancient Indonesia and India was cotton fabrics dyed using the technique batik. The history of this type of creativity originates in the ancient southeastern states.

Traditions of China and Japan

Everything in the world is interconnected. The arts have traveled complex paths along different countries, from people to people, absorbing something new, unique and passing on acquisitions further and further. This happened with technology too. batik, the history of the origin and development of which suggests that it has gone through a difficult, amazing path. He gradually found himself in demand for creativity, and then for the finest art of China and Japan. China gave batik natural silk. From that moment on, fabric dyeing acquired an incredible lightness of colors, or rather, even tones and halftones, such fine work was within the control of the masters of the Eastern countries. There were legends about the beauty of Japanese kimonos, but few people thought about how such beautiful fabric was obtained.

The Japanese introduced into the art of dyeing, in particular, a special technique of the so-called reverse batik, when the fabric was dyed and then bleached the right areas using alkali. But the art of hot batik, which protected areas of the fabric during the dyeing process with wax, allowed the masters of Japan and China to make this technique the pinnacle of perfection in the art of painting on fabric. Oriental motifs, bright, saturated colors or light semi-shades of colors delighted everyone who could see them.

Industrial Europe and batik

How did batik from Asia and the East come to Europe? With the help of Dutch travelers who established trade relations with the countries of Southeast Asia. When the Dutch first arrived in Indonesia, they were amazed by the beauty and uniqueness of the textile decoration of local temples. Unusual designs on simple cotton fabric attracted the interest of traders. And they brought the batik technique to Holland, from where all of Europe learned to dye cotton and silk in such an interesting and unusual technique. But not even a century had passed before this amazing, but labor-intensive art began to give way to the printing technique invented in England. Machines and machine tools quickly stamped designs on stretched canvases; the fabrics turned out to be quite elegant and cheap so that only those who valued the uniqueness of this type of creativity and could afford to pay the master would remember batik. It almost ended this way if it weren’t for the individual artisans who remained faithful to the unique type of decoration of the canvases.

Russian batik

The history of batik in Russia has gone through a very difficult path, due to the closedness of the USSR from most of the world's states. And this art appeared in Russia only at the beginning of the 20th century, when the Art Nouveau style came into fashion - beautiful painted scarves-shawls in oriental motifs, interesting cut women's dresses with patterns on it. In addition, this style took root only in large cities, while this novelty was practically unfamiliar to the provinces. Fabric artists. Those who painted in the batik style did not have the opportunity to learn this skill, but often followed an experimental path, which did not contribute to the development of the popularity of batik as a way to decorate everyday life.

The only thing is that this technique was used to make theatrical backstage and curtains, the monumentality of which was full of Soviet symbols. Batik as an art form for a long time could not realize himself in Russia for many reasons. But the mid-20th century became the starting point for this fabric's revival. In a country recovering from a terrible war, workshops were organized where batik masters and students were invited to create beautiful, worthy things for the Soviet people. At first, scarves and shawls for women were painted with batik, and decorative panels were also created to decorate public entertainment and cultural institutions.

Theater arts

The history of batik (briefly outlined in the article) suggests that this technique has come a difficult way. If we reduce it to its appearance, travel around the planet and improvement, then this will not reflect the essence: batik is a multi-component art that has absorbed all the most significant things that countries and peoples who fell in love with batik and began to use it to decorate the world could give it. . For example, in Russia, batik received its theatrical “education” - it was actively used by craftsmen to create backstage and stage backdrops for various theatrical productions, ballet performances. The country has a whole galaxy of batik masters who created unique paintings using the batik technique, filled with a plot and numerous elements, but this is a very delicate, painstaking work.

Shawl art

Even if the history of batik is briefly outlined, one cannot ignore the art of creating scarves and shawls using this technique. In Russia, it originated in the 20s of the last century as a component of the fashionable movement - modernism. The NEP demanded brightness and pretentiousness, and batik made it possible to decorate shawls with bright designs and Japanese motifs, which was then the highest point of fashion compliance. Over time, as a result of prevailing circumstances, batik lost all its mass purpose, and the art of shawls practically disappeared. But the second half of the century revived this type of art again, and scarves and shawls once again became canvases for artistic experiments and high-quality creative works batik masters.

Irina Trofimova and others

Cold batik

The history of the batik technique has developed as a single whole over the centuries, but the creativity itself consists of several directions:

• hot batik;
• cold batik;
• free painting.

Unique and the story of cold batik. It was with him that the development of this fabric painting technique began. In ancient Indonesia, fabrics were first painted in sections, separately from one another, filling the gaps with different colors and shades. They mixed to form a new one color scheme. This was a very difficult art, since wet fabric absorbs paint well, requiring extreme care from the master. It was then, in order to prevent unnecessary and poor-quality mixing of paint on fabric, that hot batik - “anbatik” - a drop of wax was invented. But “cold” technology continued its development. Special adhesives, so-called reserves, have been developed that prevent the dye from penetrating into the fabric fibers. This dried glue can then be easily removed, leaving unpainted areas of the fabric.

Hot batik

The art of painting fabric received a temperature characteristic not by chance. Hot wax is the basis of this technique. The history of batik in many nationalities, including Japanese silk painting "rokechi", is the development of the hot batik technique. Warm wax is applied to the fabric, filling entire areas or just outlining contours, then the wax is scraped off and reapplied to protect another area from a different color. This is a subtle technique that produces amazing results. This is evidenced by the colorful kimonos of Japanese women, many of whom are still painted using the batik technique.

No restrictions!

But the history of batik technique is not only about applying border compounds to obtain a colored section of the canvas. In batik there is a special technique called free painting. She uses several techniques:

• watercolor technique, paint is applied to damp fabric using brushes or a spray, spreading and forming color transitions;
• stencil technique uses the application of a pattern on fabric through stencils using foam sponges with paint;
• free graphics using graphic elements obtained by reserving sections of fabric using knots, constrictions with threads and saline solution.

Free painting - contemporary art batik. It is widely used by amateur craftsmen who try to paint fabric at home without special tools and materials. This technique is simple, but allows you to decorate primitive clothes - jeans, T-shirts, T-shirts.

Tools for drawing on fabric

The centuries-old history of batik is the history of the development of materials and tools used in fabric painting. Batik masters have entire arsenals of such tools. These are special glue or wax of various widths and hardness, thin glass tubes for applying a reserve composition, syringes, sponges, molds, fabric frames, knives, stencils, funnels, plastic or wooden sticks. If desired, tools can be purchased at specialized craft stores.

Safety is important

Despite the fact that batik is the art of painting on fabric, safety rules must be followed when working. This is due to the tools and materials that are used in the creative process. The hot batik technique involves using an open fire or to melt wax. Natural paints are not always used, especially among handicraft lovers of creativity. The use of chemical dyes and solvents may cause skin and mucous membrane irritation or allergies. Batik does not require a protective suit, but safety precautions must still be strictly followed. You need to work carefully with all tools, from knives and scissors to glass tubes for applying reserve.

The art of batik has not completed its development; new materials and technologies constantly accompany the development of all types of creativity, including batik. An amazing form of art makes life much more colorful and vibrant with the help of ancient methods and modern masters.

Paint matching the fabric is applied. To obtain clear boundaries at the junction of paints, a special fixative is used, called reserve (reserve composition, paraffin-based, gasoline-based, water-based - depending on the chosen technique, fabric and paints).

Batik painting has long been known among the peoples of Indonesia, India, etc. In Europe - since the 20th century.

Origin

Batik - batik- Indonesian word. Translated from Indonesian it means “drop of wax”. Membatik- draw, cover with drops, hatch. The batik technique is based on the fact that paraffin, rubber glue, as well as some other resins and varnishes, when applied to the fabric, do not allow paint to pass through - or, as artists say, they “reserve” certain areas of the fabric from painting.

Geographical range

Batik is hand-painted on fabric using reserve compounds. On fabric - silk, cotton, wool, synthetics - paint corresponding to the fabric is applied. To obtain clear boundaries at the junction of paints, a special fixative is used, called reserve (reserve composition, paraffin-based, gasoline-based, water-based - depending on the chosen technique, fabric and paints).

Technology

There are several types of batik - hot, cold, knotted, free painting. They differ in the way they reserve tissue.

Hot batik

Wax is used as a reserve in hot batik. The wax is applied using a special tool called chanting. Areas covered with wax do not absorb paint and also limit its spread. Hot batik is called hot because the wax is used in a “hot” molten form. This method is mainly used for dyeing cotton fabric. Upon completion of the work, the wax is removed from the surface of the fabric. The painting effect is achieved through layer-by-layer application of paint.

Cold batik

Cold batik is mostly used when dyeing silk, although other fabrics can also be used. In the cold batik technique, aniline-based dyes are used. In this case, a special material plays the role of a reserve. It can be prepared at home, but there are ready-made reserves. Usually thick (rubber) and liquid (gasoline-based) are used. There are both colored and colorless reserves. Cold reserve is applied either with special tools - glass tubes with a reservoir (gasoline), or reserves in tubes (rubber) are used, which are equipped with an elongated spout.

Free painting

The technique of free painting has become widespread, as it reveals the originality of each artist’s handwriting and the individual uniqueness of the works inherent manual labor. Free-form painting on fabrics made of natural silk and synthetic fibers is done mainly with aniline dyes (sometimes with various thickeners), as well as oil paints with solvents. Particularly interesting results are obtained from the combination of free painting with contour guidance and finishing with a reserve composition.

Free painting using saline solution

The essence of this method is as follows: the fabric stretched over the frame, depending on the nature of the pattern, is either impregnated aqueous solution table salt and, after drying, painted, or painted with paints from basic dyes into which the solution is added table salt. All this limits the spread of paint on the fabric, making it possible to make drawings with free strokes, varying the shape and degree of color saturation. Free painting with paints with the introduction of a saline solution can be combined with regular painting with cold batik. To do this, some parts of the design are painted freely with additional graphic design, and background overlaps are made in areas limited by the reserve composition.

Shibori technique

"Shibori" - the so-called folding batik. The result is also achieved by tying and dyeing, but is more predictable, since the fabric is folded in a certain way. This technique has Japanese roots.

Technique (“bandhan”)

Knotted batik technique (“bandan”). One of its types, the “plangi” technique, was widespread in India. The unpainted canvas was covered according to the pattern with very small knots, tightly tied with thread. Then the fabric was dyed and the threads were removed, resulting in a pattern of white “Peas”. If necessary, the fabric could be dyed in this manner several times, removing old knots and adding new ones. The dressing threads were removed from the dried fabric, but not ironed. ready product, due to which the “squeezing” effect was maintained for a long time.

Two-tone T-shirt coloring

Nowadays, knot painting means more simple options. For example, a pattern in the form of a circle (“sun”) or several circles. When dyeing dry fabric, you can get a sharper border between the dye and the undyed fabric, but if the fabric is wet (moistened and well wrung out), you can get smoother borders of the transition.

Bibliography

1. The art of batik. - M., LLC Publishing House AST. 2001
2. Sineglazova M. O. We will paint the fabric ourselves. - “Profizdat”, M., 2001
3. Dvorkina I. A. Batik. Hot. Cold. Nodular. - M.: “Rainbow”, 2002, 2nd ed. - 2008.
4. Sineglazova M. O. Batik. - “SME”, 2004
5. Gilman R. A. Artistic painting fabrics. - “Vlados”, 2004
6. Davydov S. Batik: techniques, techniques, products. - “AST-Press”, 2005
7. Pereleshina I. A. Batik. From basics to improvisation. - St. Petersburg, “Paritet”, 2007
8. Pogadaev, Victor. “The Magic of Batik” - in “Oriental Collection”, N 6 Moscow: Russian State Library, 2002, 71-74.

Notes

Links

Wikimedia Foundation.

Synonyms

- (Malay), painting technique, as well as multi-colored fabric decorated with it. The design is applied with a thin layer of wax, the material is dipped into paint, which colors the parts of the fabric not covered with wax. Batik painting has long been known among the peoples of Indonesia,... ... Art encyclopedia

Batik- Batik. BATIK (Malay), painting technique, as well as multi-colored fabric decorated with it. The design is applied with a thin layer of wax, the material is dipped in paint, which colors the parts of the fabric not covered with wax. Batik painting is common among peoples... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

batik- a, m. batique Indonesian ambatik. Reservation dyeing technique for cotton fabrics. It consists in the fact that the design is applied to the fabric by hand with a thin layer of molten wax, and then immersed in a vat of dye, where... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

Batik techniques- one of the main questions for those who once saw a hand-painted scarf or painting in the batik style.

There are several batik techniques, each varying in degree of complexity, the effect of the resulting image and the materials and techniques used to paint the fabric. The oldest batik technique is

Hot batik

Let me say right away that hot batik, among other things, is also one of the most difficult types of fabric painting. But on the other hand, the effect you get will be extraordinary, memorable, and very interesting. That's probably why they say that once you like hot batik, it's hard to give it up later.

I haven’t decided for myself yet whether I like working with hot wax and everything else. To be honest, I have tried too little yet. But what the hot batik masters do is yes. Really like. So,

The essence of hot batik

They called him that for a reason. The fact is that the work here is carried out with wax melted over a fire (and therefore hot in temperature) (most often), paraffin, stearin or a mixture of them. They are quickly applied to the fabric (so that they do not have time to harden during the “path”) using a special bristle brush. Ordinary ones are not suitable here.

There is a special device for applying a contour of molten wax, it’s called. Looks like that:

Areas that are covered with wax are not affected by the paint. You can achieve magnificent “flower sculpting” effects by combining painted and unpainted areas of the canvas. In addition, some effects are beautifully created, for example, the “crackle” or “craquelure” effect.

After the work is ready, the wax is removed from the fabric using a hot iron and a pile of old newspapers. Much more simple -

Cold batik

It was invented much later, with the development chemical industry, simplifying the work of those who love batik, but who find it extremely difficult to work with wax, etching it from the finished product and other tricks.

T-shirts, dresses, tablecloths, and napkins look especially beautiful using the knotted batik technique.

Free painting

This batik technique especially shows the talent of the artist; here it is impossible to create a drawing according to ready-made template. The individual uniqueness of the work is created.

Despite all these batik techniques, there are many additional effects that can be used to add expressiveness and originality to the work, for example, “craquelure”, the use of urea or the unusual effect of alcohol.

Friends! Today we decided to tell you a little about batik.

This painting became popular primarily among the peoples of Indonesia and India, and only in the twentieth century it became known in Europe.

Batik- hand painting on fabric using reserve compounds. It uses fabrics such as silk, cotton, wool and sometimes even synthetics. For each fabric, it is necessary to use a special paint, and to obtain clear boundaries at the junction of paints, a special fixative is used, called a reserve, which is based on paraffin, gasoline, or water - it all depends on the chosen technique, fabric and paints.

master - Sokolova Nadezhda

There are several varieties of batik:

Hot batik.

As a reserve, wax is used, which is applied with a special tool, chanting. Wax is used in a hot, molten form, which is why batik is called hot)) Mainly used for coloring cotton fabric. After completion of the work, the wax is removed from the surface of the fabric.

Cold batik.

In most cases, this method is used to apply paint to silk, but other fabrics can also be used. The role of reserve here will be played by special material that can be prepared at home or bought ready-made. It consists of rubber glue, gasoline, dye and paraffin. Reserves can be colored or colorless and are applied either with special tools - tubes with a reservoir, or using tubes with a special long spout. This type of painting is more graphic; it can be recognized by the lines from the reserve - they serve as a border that holds the paint.

master - Kaminskaya Maria:

Free painting.

Provides greater freedom in choosing a design, allows you to reveal the originality of each artist’s handwriting and the individual uniqueness of the works inherent in manual labor. It is produced mainly with aniline dyes, as well as oil paints with solvents. Particularly interesting is the combination of free painting with contour guidance and finishing with a reserve composition. But basically, in this painting they do not use a reserve. This painting is done on dry fabric (then the pattern is clearer, halos from spreading paint are visible) and on wet fabric (the pattern is smoother, with smoother color transitions)

master - Sokolova Nadezhda

Free painting on salt soil.

The essence of this method is as follows: the fabric stretched over a frame, depending on the nature of the design, is either impregnated with an aqueous solution of table salt and painted after drying, or the painting is done with paints made from basic dyes into which a solution of table salt is introduced. All this limits the spread of paint on the fabric, making it possible to make drawings with free strokes, varying the shape and degree of color saturation. Free painting with paints with the introduction of a saline solution can be combined with regular painting with cold batik. To do this, some parts of the design are painted freely with additional graphic design, and background overlaps are made in areas limited by the reserve composition. Instead of salt, starch or gelatin can act as a primer.

With the help of salt and urea you can achieve special effects (with free painting and cold batik). For example, if you sprinkle coarse salt on a damp, painted area, the salt will “attract” the dye to itself, creating an interesting pattern. The effect of urea is the opposite; it repels the dye.

Shibori technique.

This technique has Japanese roots. Here the fabric is folded in a certain way by tying and then painted. Often beads, buttons, etc. are wrapped in fabric and tied with thread, or the fabric can be folded and stitched with thread, tightening it tightly.

Bandhan technique.

This is a knotted batik technique. One of its varieties, the “plangi” technique, was widespread in India. The unpainted canvas was covered according to the pattern with very small knots, tightly tied with thread. Then the fabric was dyed and the threads were removed, resulting in a pattern of white “Peas”. If necessary, the fabric could be dyed in this manner several times, removing old knots and adding new ones. The dressing threads were removed from the dried fabric, but the finished product was not ironed, due to which the “crunchiness” effect remained for a long time.

Nowadays, knot painting refers to simpler options. For example, a pattern in the form of a circle (sun) or several circles. When dyeing dry fabric, you can get a sharper border of the dye of an undyed fabric, but if the fabric is wet (moistened and well wrung out) - smoother borders of the transition.

Fashion changes constantly. Every season we see new clothing collections released by famous boutiques. Every day, designers work to create unique things that quickly lose their relevance. That's why it's like that designer clothes are valued, made in a single copy. However, there is an opinion that wardrobe items made to your order are incredibly expensive.

It’s worth saying right away that this is just a myth, because you can make beautiful clothes yourself using the batik technique- hand-painted fabric. And even if your work is done by beginners, it will still not look worse job world famous designer! If you look at the definition that Wikipedia gives us, it becomes clear why: “Batik is hand-painted fabric using reserve compounds. On October 2, 2009, it was included in the UNESCO list of masterpieces of the oral and spiritual heritage of humanity.”

People began to paint fabric a very long time ago. Batik was popular in Asia, Africa and the northern countries - archaeologists find painted canvases all over the world.

It was on this island that the technique was given the nickname “ambatique,” ​​which is how it got its current name. The term "batik" was first used in the 18th century in the Netherlands.

The Javanese are so good at technology that they have become famous throughout the world. The women of the island created huge canvases, believing that they had healing and healing properties. Each family passes on its knowledge and skills from generation to generation. Moreover, each genus has its own consistent style of painting. Previously, only aristocrats could afford to have painted clothes, but after a while, ordinary people began to decorate their things.

In the circles of archaeologists and scientists, there is often debate about the time of the origin of fabric painting. Some argue that batik appeared in the 14th century, while others are inclined to believe that decorating things with paints began at the beginning of our era. One way or another, hot batik appeared long before cold batik. This is due to the fact that a solution that would allow a design to be applied to fabric without heating was invented only at the beginning of the twentieth century.

Gallery: hot and cold batik (25 photos)

Types of batik

There are various types of fabric painting. For the most part, this is due to the fact that batik is used to decorate various types of products. Accordingly, the effect of applying paint is different.

The most common trends in fabric painting:

1. cold batik. An image is applied to the future product, onto the contours of which a reserve composition is carefully applied to prevent the dye from getting beyond the line. To apply the reserve, use a special tube. After the fabric has dried, it is painted with liquid paints;
2. hot batik. This type of painting is characterized by the fact that hot wax is applied to the painting mounted on a stretcher. After it hardens, the product is painted;
3. shibori. This paint application technique comes from Japan. Simply put, this is a pattern that is obtained by folding fabric in several layers;
4. knotted batik . Knots are tied on the fabric and twisted, which allows you to get beautiful stains and patterns;
5. free painting. It does not involve the application of a reserve composition; paints with a thickener are used.

Let's say, if you want to paint a scarf, most often in this case the reserve is not applied, experimenting with the shibori technique. And if the artist’s goal is to create a large work on a stretcher, then he will make a choice in favor of free painting or cold batik - in many ways it all depends on the genre.

Materials and tools

If you decide to master batik, you need to stock up on everything in advance necessary materials and tools.

We will need:

1. paints- special dyeing compositions specifically for batik are sold - both from imported and domestic manufacturers. They differ in composition, price and method of fastening. For example, some paints are cured using steam and an iron, while others require plain water;
2. brushes- you may need brushes of different sizes, so you should prepare them in advance;
3. textile- you are not limited in any way when choosing fabric for batik. You can use silk, chiffon, satin, and even regular cotton. You can also try painting a finished product;
4. tubes for applying reserve- will come in handy if you work using the cold batik technique. With their help it is convenient to apply a reserve;
5. reserve staff- some masters recommend buying a reserve of the same brand as the paint. Usually the composition is colorless, but sometimes it is pigmented, for example, black. It can be mixed with the desired color directly during operation;
6. wax- used in the hot batik technique. It is sold ready-made, but you can also make it yourself;
7. batik frame- it is necessary in order to fix the fabric in a taut position. You can buy a ready-made frame or make it yourself;
8. palette- needed for mixing paints;
9. pipettes- may be useful for adding paint or reserve;
10. scotch- used to protect the frame from paint. If you do not use tape, you may stain the light-colored fabric you use next time;
11. pins, buttons or stapler - will be needed to secure the fabric to the frame;
12. alcohol- needed to dilute some dyes;
13. coarse salt- can be used as a means to help dry individual areas of fabric as quickly as possible. Also used to produce a dot pattern;
14. water- needed for diluting some paints and cleaning brushes;
15. a simple pencil or pen- necessary if an illustration is applied to the fabric.

Cold batik

Cold batik is relatively simple when compared to hot batik; the process is safer, which is why it is more often chosen as a technique for children than hot batik. There is no need to remove the reserve used in this technique: it lays down in a thin layer and looks neat. The main thing is not to draw too thick a contour, since the reserve is applied precisely to it, so that the colored paints do not spread or mix. There is also no need to heat the composition: it is completely ready for use and is sold in almost every office supply store. Kids can invent pictures for painting on their own.

First, we select the fabric and stretch it onto the frame, having prepared everything necessary in advance. We transfer the image to the material, and then fill the tube with a reserve compound, walking along the contour.

When the fabric dries, dilute the paint with water so that it is as liquid as possible, but rich and bright. The paint should be applied carefully so as not to go beyond the contour. Otherwise, the colors will mix and the work will look messy.

The finished product can be decorated, for example:

• gel with glitter;
• rhinestones;
• sequins.

Sometimes works made using the cold batik technique are embroidered with beads - here everything depends solely on the artist’s imagination.

Hot batik

Hot batik, the technique of which is considered the most complex and painstaking, allows you to create beautiful patterns on the fabric. Thanks to the wax, an unusual effect is created, similar to “craquelure” or “crackle”. Having mastered the technique, you can paint the fabric, achieving interesting combinations of painted and unpainted areas on the canvas, varying bright and pastel shades.

Previously, for painting using the hot batik technique, they used chanting - a special tool for working with molten wax. Now there's a bunch alternative ways applying paraffin: for example, special stamps.

First you need to prepare the material and that’s it necessary tools for hot batik. The first step in getting the job done is to soak the fabric. This is necessary to wash out from it all the chemical solutions added by manufacturers during the manufacture of the material. To do this, take regular table soda and dissolve it in clean running water. The fabric is soaked in the prepared liquid for about half an hour.

Next, the material is attached to a stretcher. To do this, as mentioned above, you need buttons, paper clips or pins. It is better to stock up on pushpins, as they hold well and are easy to remove. Paper clips are suitable for those jobs that remain on the same stretcher. That is, they are much more difficult to remove, and the fabric is greatly deformed. But if you do not plan to frame your work in another frame, then give preference to a stapler.

The first layer of color can be applied before drawing the sketch. It is important that the material is saturated with dye sequentially, from light to dark.

Next, a sketch is drawn. You can use a pen or a simple pencil, depending on the tones of the work and which gamut predominates. If the color scheme is warm or pastel, then you should never use a pen. There is also no need to press the material with a pencil; you should draw very carefully so as not to deform the surface. If you are using a very light or translucent base fabric, you can place a sheet of illustration with a marker or felt-tip pen under it so that it can be seen through the canvas on the stretcher.

Let's move on to the most interesting part - applying the wax reserve and painting the canvas. All parts except the lightest ones are impregnated with it. Dried paraffin is removed using an iron and paper. To save money, you can use old newspapers or clippings that you don’t mind throwing away. This is done in this way: after the coloring agents have dried, iron the material so that the entire frozen reserve ends up on paper or newspaper. Afterwards, the paint is fixed and the procedure of transferring the wax onto the paper is repeated if the solution still remains on the fabric.

Shibori and knotted batik

These techniques are most often used to decorate clothes. If you want to decorate your scarves, t-shirts, tank tops with different patterns, then this is what you need. Shibori and knotted batik are different from the two techniques described above. No reserve, wax or any other composition is used.

Shibori, vaguely reminiscent of origami, involves folding fabric in several layers to create a symmetrical pattern. Knotted batik consists of randomly tying knots. Later, from what happened, a drawing is formed, or some kind of pattern is made.

Free painting

This technique is remarkable in its own way: it also does not involve the use of a reserve, but the effect is more than impressive. Freehand painting is comparable to watercolor painting, but on damp fabric. This technique creates beautiful transitions from color to color.

The brush is used without a preliminary sketch or drawing - this is why batik technology got its name.

All work is done very quickly, because the material dries quickly, which is why the paint can form unsightly smudges.

Master classes

In conclusion, it is worth saying that when starting something new, it is always useful to study the information. Watching master classes will be very helpful for a beginner. They demonstrate painting on fabric, showing all the nuances and little things in the work. And to paint a beautiful picture, it is important to take into account every detail.

That's why important aspects in batik technique - master classes, training, studying information. Then you will definitely achieve the result you expected.

Remember that training is an integral part of the entire process.

Cold and hot batik may seem like complex techniques, but this is only at first glance. Anyone can create beautiful paintings, clothes and much more. Hot batik, a master class on which can help you master it, allows you to make something that you cannot buy in any store.

Shibori, although not similar to other types of batik, is also very captivating. Moreover, this technology allows you to make unique wardrobe items with your own hands. A great idea for fashionistas and fashionistas who like to stand out in the crowd. By the way, having decided to experiment for the first time with own clothes, it wouldn’t hurt for you to watch the master classes either - this will help you avoid many mistakes. We tried to prepare a comprehensive report about batik, we hope it was useful to you.